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Part 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

physiological effects of shortwave and microwave diathermy

A

increases: temp, pulse, respiration, BMR, lymph flow, elimination, nutrition, vasodilation, glandular secretions
decreases: BP, nerve pain, muscle cramps, muscle spasms

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2
Q

indications for shortwave diathermy

A 
arthritis, sprain
bursitis, tenosynovitis
radiculitis, neuroitis, neuralgia
bronchitis
sinusitis
PID
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3
Q

indications for microwave diathermy

A 
hip conditions
straain
myalgia
myositis
fibrositis
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4
Q

contraindications to shortwave and microwave diathermy

A

generalized contraindications for all and heat
metallic implants, epiphyseal centers, moist dressings, phlebitis, varicositis, advanced osteoporosis, occlusive arterial disease, edema, brain, surface metal
microwave only: sinusitis, otitis media

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5
Q

shortwave diathermy distance, intensity, duration, mode

A

distance: direct
intensity: patient tolerance
duration: 20-30 min
mode: outside in

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6
Q

microwave diathermy distance, intensity, duration, mode

A

distance: 1-5”
intensity: varies
duration: 10-20 min
mode: inside out

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7
Q

what electrodes do you use for sinusitis?

A

butterfly electrodes

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8
Q

what does shortwave diathermy need as far as requirements?

A

needs to be registered with FCC because it is the same frequency as radio and TV

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9
Q

what must be used when using microwave diathermy?

A

mesh goggles

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10
Q

ultrasound actions

A

thermal: increases heat
mechanical: micromassage (main use)
chemical (increases oxidation)
neural (mild anesthesia)

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11
Q

physiological effects thermally with ultrasound

A

hyperemia, increased alkalosis, increased keukocytes, increased glandular activity, reduce muscle spasm and deep heating

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12
Q

physiological effects mechanically with ultrasound

A

dispersion of fluids, removes exudates, increased molecular and increased membrane permeability

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13
Q

physiological effects chemically with ultrasound

A

increase gaseous exchange and increase chemical oxidation aids in healing

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14
Q

physiological effects neurally with ultrasound

A

mild anesthesia

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15
Q

indications of ultrasound

A

joint and musculoskeletal inflammation

subacute sprains, strains, contusions, tendonitis bursitis

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16
Q

ultrasound contraindications

A 
same as general heat contraindications
spinal cord
plexuses
ganglia
over epiphysis
bony prominence (unless under water)
fractures
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17
Q

penetration of ultrasound

A

deepest heat modality

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18
Q

frequency of ultrasound

A

high, 0.7-1.1 (MHz) megacycles/second

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19
Q

distance of ultrasound

A 
even surfaces (coupling agen to skin)
coupling agent (gels and lotions) must be used. uneven surfaces, underwater 1" from skin
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20
Q

examples of bony prominences

A 
hand
wrist
elbow
foot 
ankle
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21
Q

therapeutic range for ultrasound

A

0.5-2.5 watts/sq cm

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22
Q

duration for ultrasound

A

acute: 4min (flexible)
subacute: 6min (flexible)
chronic: 10 min (max, stone)

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23
Q

phonophoresis

Study These Flashcards
A

used with ultrasound- substance can be introduced into the tissues by incorporating cream, lotion or gel as a coupling medium

24
Q

mineral ice

Study These Flashcards
A

vitamin A and E creams used for phonophoresis

heads need to be checked every year for seal leakage

25
direct currents (all have polarity)
low volt galvanic high volt TENS
26
low volt galvanic
unidirectional/monophasic/continuous wave | has strong polarity
27
high volt
unidirectional/monophasic/twin peaked/puled wave | for pain control
28
alternating currents (no polarity)
sine wave faradic inteferential
29
sine wave
bidirectional/biplasic/symmetrical wave | for muscle contraction
30
faradic
bidirectional/biphasic/asymmetrical wave | for muscle contraction
31
interferential
2 medium frequency crossing sine waves deepest penetrating, least resistant for pain control, edema reduction, muscle contraction
32
iontophoresis
soluble ionic salts are introduced into teh body tissues by electrical means used with galvanic
33
what are electropositive substances for iontophoresis?
bases, metals, alkaloids
34
what are electronegative substances for iontophoresis?
acids, acid radicles
35
anode
attracts negative ions
36
cathode
attracts positive ions
37
watts
power
38
amps
current or number of electons
39
ohms
resistance
40
volts
EMF force
41
joules
laser power
42
rheobase
min stimulus to cause contraction
43
chronaxie
minimum amount of time to cause a contraction at 2x rheobase
44
negative poles for galvanic are used for?
``` adnesions bursitis bruises scars sprains strains ```
45
elements used with negative poles for galvanic?
adhesions: KI or colloidal iodine bursitis: Na salicylate or colloidal iodine bruses: active pad moistened scars: NaCl sprains: KI strains: novocaine and alcohol
46
positive poles for galvanic are used for?
edema: MgSO4 fibrositis: histamine fungus: CuSO4 neuritis: histamine
47
action of low volt galvanic
electrochemical | electrokinetic
48
physiological effects of low volt galvanic (positive pole)
``` acute pain relief vasoconstriction hardens tissue attracts oxygen repels hydrogen attracts acids repels bases ```
49
physiological effects of low volt galvanic (negative pole)
``` chronic pain relief vasodilation softens tissue attracts hydrogen repels oxygen attracts bases repels acids ```
50
indications for low voltage galvanic
``` contusions sprains myositis birositis electrodiagnosis denervated muscle onlyLVG can do iontophoresis ```
51
contraindications for LVG
general contraindications | decresed sensation
52
penetration, frequency and distance for LVG
penetration: deep frequency: low distance: soaked pads are placed directly on the skin
53
intensity and duration of LVG
intensity: 0.5-1.0 milliamp/in squared of active electrode duration: 5-20 minutes every day
54
how is LVG used for diagnosis?
test for reaction of degneration (RD) (LMN lesion), whihc is the anatomical and electrical change that occurs in muscles and nerves followign an injury which separates the muscle from its anteerior horn cell
55
what are the modalities presently used to determine degeneration?
NCV | EMG
56
describe the pads of the LVG
dispersal or indifferent pad is negative and larger | active or treating pad is positve and smaller

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