Part 5

Question 1

describe the types of RD when referring to faradic

Answer 1

partial RD has a slight response
total RD has no response
absolute RD has no response

Question 2

RD

Answer 2

reaction of degeneration, a lower motor neuron lesion
indicates the extent of damage to a lower motor neuron
AKA: de-nervation of a muscle (LMNL)

Question 3

describe the types of RD when referring to galvanic

Answer 3

partial RD is greater than faradic or normal
total RD has an athetoid response (vermicular)
absolute RD has no response

Question 4

what is the prognosis with partial RD?

Answer 4

recovery in 2 weeks

Question 5

what is the prognosis with total RD?

Answer 5

recovery in 3 weeks to 1 year

Question 6

what is the prognosis with absolute RD?

Answer 6

no recovery

Question 7

lower motor neuron

Answer 7

from the anteiror horn cells to the myo-neurojunction

Question 8

EMG

Answer 8

a method of determining the extent of neuromuscular damage using an electrial device as the stimulus while recording the response on a graph

Question 9

describe RD reaction to EMG

Answer 9

no response to tetanizing current (brief impulses)

sluggish response to direct current (long stimulus)

Question 10

describe the treating pads for EMG

Answer 10

active or treating: small enough for stimulation of a particular area or muscle to be treated
dispersive or indifferent: large enough so as not to have a stimulating effect (diluting effect)

Question 11

iontophoresis

Answer 11

soluble ionic salts are introduced into the body tissues by electrical means
used with Galvanic therapy

Question 12

galvanic electrode size

Answer 12

active small enough for stimulation of particular msucle or muscles being treated
dispersive electrode should be large enough so as not to have stimulation of the muscle (diluting effect)

Question 13

galvanic electrode placement

Answer 13

good contact with skin

complete moistening of electrodes

Question 14

physiologic effects of high volt

Answer 14

pain control (opiate system)
reduction of edema
muscle spasm reduction
muscle exercise

Question 15

when do you release endorphines with high volt?

Answer 15

chronic pain (low and slow, 0-20 min)

Question 16

when do you release enkephalins with ihg volt?

Answer 16

acute pain (80-150, high and fast)

Question 17

indications for high volt

Answer 17

musculoskeletal pain
muscle spams
acut and subacute edema
muscle atrophy
rehabilitate weaken muscle

Question 18

contraindications of high volt

Answer 18

all general electrical contraindications
over the heart, pacemakers
low back and abdomen during pregnancy

Question 19

is decreased sensation a contraindications for high volt?

Answer 19

no

Question 20

action for TENS

Answer 20

gat pain control

opiate pain control

Question 21

physiological effects of TENS

Answer 21

pain control
stimulate A beta fibers
stimulate enkephalin/endorphin release
blocks A delta fibers
blocks C fibers

Question 22

who were the developers of the TENS unit?

Answer 22

Melzack and wall

Question 23

A beta fibers

Answer 23

largest, fastest, high myelinated, saltatory conduction

for proprioception

Question 24

A delta fibers

Answer 24

smaller, slower, slight myelination, no saltatory conduction

for temperature, pressure, deep and light touch, some pain

Question 25

C fibers

Answer 25

smallest, slowest, no myelin | for pain

Question 26

indications for TENS

Answer 26

all pain types except visceral

Question 27

setting for gait pain on TENS

Answer 27

100 pps

Question 28

contraindications for TENS

Answer 28

all regular contraindications for electrical

Question 29

TENS and pregnancy

Answer 29

don't use during preganncy | can be used at delivery

Question 30

penetration of TENS

Answer 30

superficial

Question 31

dosage of TENS

Answer 31

minutes to hours, skin irritaiton with long use

Question 32

pad placement for TENS

Answer 32

``` painful site dermatomal peripheral nerve trigger point motor point acupuncture point contralateral (for phantom limb pain) ```

Question 33

action for interferential

Answer 33

electrokinetic | pain control

Question 34

physiological effects of interferential

Answer 34

muscle contraction edema reduction pain control

Question 35

indications for interferential

Answer 35

acute injuries swelling muscle spasm muscle atrophy

Question 36

interferential contraindications

Answer 36

general electrical modality contraindications

Question 37

interferential penetration

Answer 37

deep (intra-articular)

Question 38

describe medium frequency for interferential

Answer 38

old (4000-10,000 Hz) | new (2000-10,00 Hz)

Question 39

describe russian stimulation frequency

Answer 39

10 second on, 50 seconds off

Question 40

dosage for interferential

Answer 40

20-30 minutes to release enkephalins- 70 and greater endorphins- 1-10

Question 41

name the types of russian stimulation

Answer 41

premodulation/bipolar setting 10/50 cycle (10 on, 50 off) isometric contraction during 10 seconds tof stimulation isometric done at mid ROM

Question 42

indications for russian stim

Answer 42

symmetry, girth

Question 43

when should vectoring be on or off?

Answer 43

on- large treatment area | off- small treatment area

Question 44

modulation

Answer 44

constant changing of the treating frequency equals decreased accommodation

Question 45

modulation frequency

Answer 45

medium 2000-10,000 hx deep penetration verty comfortable beat or treating frequency (low frequency 1-2000 Hz)

Question 46

action of microcurrent

Answer 46

healing effect | pain control

Question 47

physiologic effect of microcurrent

Answer 47

increase ATP increase amino acids (protein synthesis) decrease pain

Question 48

indications for microcurrent

Answer 48

musculoskeletal injuries

Question 49

contraindications for microcurrent

Answer 49

all generall electrical modality contraindications

Question 50

microcurrent settings

Answer 50

frequcncy- below 1Hz (0.5-0.3 Hz) intensity- below patient perception tissue healing 200 and 800 microamps

Question 51

action for cold laser

Answer 51

decrease inflammation | decrease pain

Question 52

intensity settings

Answer 52

below patient perception- microcurrent patient perception- pain control paiteint twitch- endorphins patient comfort or tolerance- muscle contraction