PART 4 - Kinetics of Substrate Utilization, Product Formation and Biomass Production in Cell Cultures Flashcards
Product Formation, Fermentation, Protein Synthesis
He proposed a scheme, which grouped fermentations according to the manner in which the microbial product appeared in the broth.
Gaden
Product formation is directly
related to carbohydrate
utilization
Fermentation Type 1
Example: Ethanol
Product formation indirectly
related to carbohydrate utilization
Fermentation Type 2
Example: Citric Acid
Product formation apparently not associated with carbohydrate utilization
Fermentation Type 3
Example: Penicillin
Enumerate Gaden’s Classification Scheme for Fermentations
Fermentation Type 1
Fermentation Type 2
Fermentation Type 3
Enumerate Deindoerfer’s Classification of Fermentation Patterns
Simple
Simultaneous
Consecutive
Stepwise
Nutrients converted to products in a fixed stoichiometry without accumulation of intermediates
Simple
Nutrients converted to products in variable stoichiometric proportion without accumulation of intermediates
Simultaneous
Nutrients converted to products with accumulation of an intermediate
Consecutive
Nutrient completely converted to intermediate before conversion to product, or selectively converted to product in preferential order.
Stepwise
Products and their formation can be viewed from several aspects:
(a) as intracellular or extracellular products;
(b) according to the relationship
between the growth rate and the rate of product formation;
(c) according to the stoichiometry of their formation; and
(d) according to the rate of product formation and substrate consumption.
What are the three simple forms of product formation rates?
- Growth-Associated
- Non-Growth-Associated
- Mixed-Growth Associated
____________________ are formed by growing cells
which make them primary metabolites.
Growth – associated products
Non – growth associated products are formed during the _________________ when the growth rate is zero due to the lack of at least one necessary substrate for growth.
stationary phase
These are formed by cells which are not metabolically active, which make them secondary metabolites.
Non-Growth associated products
The ________________________ is considered to correlate the rate of product formation (other than cell mass) with the cell growth rate.
Luedeking – Piret model
It combines growth-associated and non-growth-associated product formation
Luedeking-Piret model
The _________________ associated products include lactic acid fermentation, xanthan gum, and some secondary metabolites from cell culture.
mixed-growth
_______________ models deal with the kinetics of the change in the individual components present in cells.
Structured
An intrinsic concentration is the amount of a compound per __________________________.
unit cell mass or cell volume
Extrinsic concentration, on the other hand, is the amount of a compound per _____________________ which cannot be used in kinetic expressions.
unit reactor volume
Protein synthesis is important in the practice of manufacture of _________, ___________, and other _____________________.
enzyme
hormones
commercial polypeptides
Protein synthesis occurs in two stages:
the transcription and translation
________model is defined as the model that is more likely to give good results when applied to an environment different from where it was originally evaluated.
Robust
