Part I. Clinical

Question 1

What are supernumerary ribs?

Answer 1

Cervical ribs

Lumbar ribs

Question 2

Supernumerary cervical ribs can cause or worsen this condition:

Answer 2

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

- Compress nerves, arteries

Question 3

Rib fractures typically happen at this location:

Answer 3

Anterior to costal angle

Question 4

What possible clinical correlation could there be if someone has pain during respiration, coughing, laughing, sneezing, etc

Answer 4

Rib fractures

Question 5

When might flail chest happen?

Answer 5

Multiple rib fractures of same rib

Question 6

Where does rib dislocation happen?

Answer 6

Sternocostal joint

Question 7

Where does rib separation happen?

Answer 7

costochondral joint

Question 8

Rib dislocation can also involve:

Answer 8

Anterior intercostal AV and/or intercostal N

Question 9

What might rib separation involve?

Answer 9

Tearing of perichondrium/periosteum

Question 10

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Answer 10

Possible due to resiliency/compressibility of design in thoracic cage

External compression facilitates blood flow while heart is non functioning

Question 11

What is the most common type of breast cancer?

Answer 11

Adenocarcinomas of epithelium of the mammary gland ducts

Question 12

Physical signs of adenocarcinomas of epithelium of the mammary gland ducts

Answer 12

Skin dimpling
Orange peel appearance - little bumps
Changes to nipple - pulled in, or deviation
Abnormal contours

Question 13

What is air in pleural cavity?

Answer 13

Pneumothorax

Question 14

What is fluid in pleural cavity?

Answer 14

Hydrothroax

Question 15

What is blood in pleural cavity?

Answer 15

Hemothorax

Question 16

What is needed between visceral and parietal pleura to keep lung inflated?

Answer 16

Surface tension

Question 17

What breaks the surface tension of the thoracic wall?

Answer 17

Penetrating wounds

Question 18

Elastic recoil will cause the lung to expel air and _____

Answer 18

Collapse. Unable to re-inflate

Question 19

Where is the best place to do a thoracocentesis?

Answer 19

Center of intercostal space to avoid intercostal VAN

Question 20

What is a chest tube used for?

Answer 20

Withdraw large amounts of fluid/air to re-inflate lung

Question 21

What is pleuritis?

Answer 21

Inflammation of pleura

Question 22

If there is pleuritis in the mediastinal or central diaphragmatic pleura, the pain may refer to this area:

Answer 22

C3-C5 dermatologist, root of neck or over shoulder

Question 23

Pericarditis is what?

Answer 23

Inflammation of pericardium

Question 24

Excessive pericardial effusion may result in:

Answer 24

Cardiac tamponade, or compression of the heart that impairs cardiac function

Question 25

What is it called when blood accumulates in pericardial sac?

Answer 25

Hemopericardium

Question 26

Hemopericardium is when blood accumulates in pericardial sac and could cause veins in neck to become engorged because:

Answer 26

SVC is compressed

Question 27

What procedure drains pericardial fluid and relives pressure?

Answer 27

Pericardiocentesis

Question 28

What level is pericardiocentesis applied?

Answer 28

Needle inserted through left 5th or 6th intercostal space near sternum

Question 29

What is cardiac tamponade?

Answer 29

Excessive pericardial effusion - basically the pericardium gets filled up with blood

Question 30

What is the name for a leaky valve?

Answer 30

Valvular Heart Disease

Question 31

What is Valvular Heart Disease called when there is a failure of valve (most commonly Mitral valve) to close fully?

Answer 31

Insufficiency - Systolic Murmur

Question 32

What is Valvular Heart Disease called when the valve pushes back into the atrium?

Answer 32

Prolapse - causes mid-systolic click

Question 33

What is the Valvular Heart Disease that is a failure of the valve to open fully (most commonly Aortic semilunar valve)?

Answer 33

Aortic Stenosis - usually calcification on valve

Question 34

Which Valvular Heart Disease results in leaky valve?

Answer 34

Insufficiency and Prolapse