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Gross III > Part II. Peritoneum, Peritoneal Cavity pg 45-48 > Flashcards

Part II. Peritoneum, Peritoneal Cavity pg 45-48 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the mesothelium lining internal surface of the abdominopelvic wall?

A

Parietal peritoneum

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2
Q

How does the parietal peritoneum receive somatic sensory innervation for pain, temp, pressure, etc?

A

Via adjacent dermatomes

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3
Q

What is the Mesothelium covering (investing) abdominopelvic viscera?

A

Visceral peritoneum

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4
Q

How does the visceral peritoneum receive somatic sensory innervation for pain, temp, pressure, etc?

A

It doesn’t - no somatic sensory innervation however Visceral afferent innervation (stretch, chemical) may result in referred pain

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5
Q

What is the histological equivalent to the visceral peritoneum?

A

Serosa

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6
Q

Potential space present between parietal/visceral peritoneum

A

Peritoneal cavity

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7
Q

What is contained in the peritoneal cavity?

A

No viscera, only thin field of peritoneal fluid

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8
Q

What is contained in the peritoneal fluid and what is the function of those components?

A
  • Lubricants - allows for friction-free movements of digestion on visceral surfaces
  • leukocytes and antibodies to fight infection
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9
Q

The peritoneal cavity is open to the exterior in females (completely closed cavity in males) via what pathway?

A

Uterine tubes, uterus and vagina

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10
Q

Organs that are all or mostly covered in visceral peritoneum and suspended by mesentary are called what?

A

Intraperitoneal organs

NOTE: Still, technically, not inside peritoneal cavity (misnomer)

Development connection: they have invaginated into the closed peritoneal cavity during lateral folding of the embryo

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11
Q

What are some examples of intraperitoneal organs?

A

Examples: stomach, spleen, jejunum, ileum, transverse colon, liver

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12
Q

Organs that are partially covered by parietal peritoneum and located external or posterior to the peritoneal cavity are called what?

A

Extraperitoneal (retroperitoneal) organs

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13
Q

Extraperitoneal organs are covered with ________ on one side and ________ on the rest.

A

parietal peritoneum: adventitia

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14
Q

What are primarily retroperitoneal organs vs. secondarily retroperitoneal organs?

A

Primarily: Embryonically behind peritoneum and remain there in adult
Secondarily: Embryonically intraperitoneal but become retroperitoneal due to return of gut

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15
Q

What are some examples of primarily retroperitoneal organs?

A

Examples: suprarenal gland, kidney, ureter, uterus, ovary, aorta, IVC

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16
Q

What are some examples of secondarily retroperitoneal organs?

A

Examples: duodenum, ascending/descending colon, pancreas, rectum

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17
Q

The region below the umbilical has 5 folds. What are they?

A

1 median umbilical fold
2 medial umbilical folds
2 lateral umbilical folds

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18
Q

Which peritoneal fold extends from apex of urinary bladder to umbilicus? What ligament does it contain?

A

Median Umbilical Fold

Contains Median Umbilical Ligament

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19
Q

The median umbilical ligament is a remnant of what fetal structure?

A

Urachus

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20
Q

What peritoneal folds are located lateral to Median Umbilical Fold? What ligaments do they contain?

A

Medial Umbilical Folds

Contains Medial Umbilical Ligaments

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21
Q

The Medial Umbilical Ligaments are fetal remnants of what structures?

A

Umbilical arteries

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22
Q

What peritoneal folds are located lateral to the medial umbilical folds? What structures do they contain?

A

Lateral Umbilical Fold

contains Inferior Epigastric artery and vein

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23
Q

The depression Located between Median and Medial Umbilical Folds that is formed by reflection of parietal peritoneum from anterior wall to urinary bladder.

A

Supravesical fossa

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24
Q

The size and location of the supravesical fossa varies because of what structure?

A

urinary bladder as it fills and empties

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25
The depression that is located between Medial and Lateral Umbilical Folds.
Medial inguinal fossa
26
What is the site of direct inguinal hernias?
Medial Inguinal Fossa (Inguinal Triangle)
27
What is the site for indirect inguinal hernias?
Lateral Inguinal Fossa
28
What depression is located lateral to Lateral Umbilical Fold and where the Deep Inguinal Ring is?
Lateral Inguinal Fossa
29
What is the Sagittal peritoneal fold/reflection spanning between anterior abdominal wall and liver in the region above the umbilicus?
Falciform ligament
30
The inferior, thickened edge of the falciform ligament.
Ligamentum Teres (Round L of liver)
31
The Ligamentum Teres (Round L of liver) contains fetal remnant of what structure?
Umbilical vein
32
What is mesentary?
Double layer of peritoneum connecting intraperitoneal organ to posterior abdominal wall and spans distance between parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum. NOTE: again think of the lateral folding that occurs in fetal development
33
What is contained in mesentary?
CT with blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, lymph nodes and fat - neurovasculature passing from body wall to intraperitoneal organ
34
What is omentum?
Double layer of peritoneum spanning from stomach and/or proximal duodenum to adjacent organs
35
What double layer of peritoneum spans from lesser curvature of stomach and proximal duodenum to liver?
Lesser omentum
36
The lesser omentum is the adult remnant of what embryonic structure?
Ventral mesentary
37
Thin membrane spanning from liver to lesser curvature of stomach
Hepatogastric L
38
The thickened right side free edge of lesser omentum that spans from liver to proximal duodenum and surrounds portal triad
Hepatoduodenal L
39
What is included in the portal triad?
Hepatic Portal V, Proper Hepatic A, Common Bile Duct
40
The double layer of peritoneum that hangs from greater curvature of stomach and then folding back on itself to attach to transverse colon
Greater omentum
41
The greater omentum is the exult remnant of what embryonic structure?
Dorsal mesentary
42
What is the function of the greater omentum?
- Prevents abdominal viscera from adhering to anterolateral wall - Wraps itself around inflamed organs to protect other viscera NOTE: Sometimes referred to as the “abdominal policeman”
43
What is the gastrocolic ligament and where is it located?
The largest portion of greater omentum that spans from greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon and drapes over small intestine
44
Where is the gastrosplenic ligament located?
Spans from greater curvature of stomach to spleen
45
Where is the gastrophrenic ligament located?
Spans from greater curvature of stomach to thoracic diaphragm
46
The lesser omentum includes two ligamentous structures. What are they?
Hepatogastric ligament | Hepatoduodenal ligament
47
The greater omentum includes 3 ligamentous structures. What are they?
Gastrocolic ligament Gastrosplenic ligament Gastrophrenic ligament
48
The peritoneal cavity has 2 subdivisions. What are they?
Greater sac | Lesser sac
49
The main large subdivision of the peritoneal cavity is the greater sac. It is further subdivided into what compartments?
- supracolic compartment - infracolic compartment - paracolic gutters
50
The compartment of the greater sac of the peritoneal cavity that is located anterosuperior to the greater omentum and transverse colon
Supracolic compartment
51
What is contained in the Supracolic compartment?
Contains stomach, liver, spleen
52
The compartment of the greater sac of the peritoneal cavity that is located posterosuperior to the greater omentum and transverse colon
Infracolic compartment
53
What is contained in the infracolic compartment?
Contains small intestine, ascending/descending colon
54
The infracolic compartment is divided into right and left sides by what structure?
small intestinal mesentery
55
Grooves that are part of the greater sac of the peritoneal cavity and are located between lateral sides of ascending/descending colon and posterolateral abdominal wall
Paracolic gutters
56
What is the function of the paracolic gutters?
- Provides communication between supracolic and infracolic compartments NOTE: they make convenient avenues for spread of infection (ascites) or cancerous cells
57
The small portion of peritoneal cavity posterior to stomach and lesser omentum
Lesser sac (omental bursa)
58
Describe the location of the Lesser sac (omental bursa)
Posterior to stomach and lesser omentum - extends superiorly behind liver and up to thoracic diaphragm - Extends inferiorly between superior layers of Gastrocolic L (Greater Omentum)
59
What is the epiploic foramen (AKA omental foramen, foramen of Winslow)
A point of communication between greater and lesser sac, located posterior to hepatoduodenal ligament
60
What structures are located anterior to the epiploic foramen?
Hepatic portal vein Proper hepatic artery Common bile duct * all surrounded by hepatoduodenal ligament
61
What structures are located posterior to the epiploic foramen?
- Inferior vena cava | - Right crus of the thoracic diaphragm
62
What is located superiorly to the epiploic foramen?
Caudate lobe of the liver
63
What is located inferiorly to the epiploic foramen?
First part of the duodenum

Gross III (20 decks)

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