Part I Styles Flashcards
(61 cards)
1
Q
Fonts for reading
A
SERIF FONTS
2
Q
Fonts for titles, headings, or newspaper headlines
A
SANS SERIF FONTS
3
Q
Typeface of Article Titles and headings
A
SMALL CAPS
4
Q
Typeface of Book authors in footnotes
A
SMALL CAPS
5
Q
Typeface of Journal titles in footnotes
A
SMALL CAPS
6
Q
Typeface of Book titles in text
A
ITALICS
7
Q
Typeface of Bylines
A
ITALICS
8
Q
Typeface of Opening Quotes
A
ITALICS
9
Q
Typeface of In-text emphases
A
ITALICS
10
Q
Typeface of Citing titles of articles or cases in text
A
ITALICS
11
Q
Typeface of Short form of case titles in footnotes
A
ITALICS
12
Q
Typeface of Short form of book titles in text
A
ITALICS
13
Q
Article titles and headings
A
BOLD
14
Q
Article sub-headings
A
BOLD
15
Q
(a) Juan Dela Cruz
or
(b) Juan S. Dela Cruz?
A
(a) Juan Dela Cruz. In general, cite an author’s name as the source lists it, but omit middle initials unless an author is popularly known by these. (i.e. Vicente V. Mendoza)
16
Q
(a) Mark Dennis Joven and William Varias
or
(b) Mark Dennis Joven & William Varias?
A
(b) When there are two authors, cite them using an ampersand
17
Q
When there are more than two authors, either cite the name of the first author and add “et al.” or
list all the authors’ names.
When there is a need to save space, the former method is preferred.
Include all authors’ names when doing so is particularly relevant.
When listing all the names,
separate the names with commas, but use an ampersand to set off the last name. Note the period in “et al.”; a comma does not precede this phrase.
A
Ex:
IRENE CORTES ET AL., PHIL. MANUAL OF LEGAL CITATIONS (1976).
IRENE CORTES, MERLIN M. MAGALLONA & MYRNA S. FELICIANO, PHIL. MANUAL OF LEGAL CITATIONS (1976)
18
Q
Association
A
Asscn.
19
Q
Brothers
A
Bros.
20
Q
Company
A
Co.
21
Q
Corporation
A
Corp.
22
Q
Incorporated
A
Inc.
23
Q
Limited
A
Ltd.
24
Q
Number
A
No.
25
Date format
26
Dates are usually placed at the ______ of a citation in parentheses and often shortened to the _____ only. They are not enclosed in parentheses when necessary to identify a source, as in ___.
end; year; letters, emails, unofficial or unpublished decisions, and treaties.
27
For quotations of less than 50 words: The quotation should be enclosed in __. However, the quotation should not be blocked or set-off from the rest of the text
except when the material quoted would commonly be set-off such as dialogues or poems.
double quotation
| marks (“ ”).
28
For quotations of less than 50 words: Quoted
portions within the quotation should be enclosed only in ____. If the entire
quotation is in itself quoted, only ___ should be used. The footnote
number should also follow immediately after the closing double quotations marks, unless placing it elsewhere is more accurate.
single quotation marks (‘ ’); one set of double quotation marks
29
For quotations of at least 50 words: The quotation should be ____—that is, ____.
If quotation and punctuation
marks are used within the block quotation, they should appear as they do in the original. The
footnote citation should also follow immediately after the final punctuation of the quotation.
Generally, the font size for the blocked quotation should be ____ than that for the body
text.
blocked; indented on the
| left and right, single-spaced, and without double quotation marks; one unit less
30
In a block quote consisting of several paragraphs, further indicate the paragraph structure by
indenting the ___ of each paragraph.
However, it is not necessary to indent the first line of a
quoted paragraph if it is not the first line of the paragraph being quoted.
first line
31
Always place commas and periods ___ the quotation marks. Place other punctuation marks
inside the quotation marks only if ___.
inside; they are part of the original text.
32
A change in the case of a letter should be enclosed in __. ___ should also be bracketed.
brackets; Inserted words, letters, and other marks
33
Substantial mistakes in the original should be followed by ___ but otherwise left as they appear
in the original
“[sic]”
34
Omitted letters or punctuations must be indicated with ___. However, do not omit
letters or punctuations resulting from grammatical errors. Use [sic] instead.
empty brackets [ ]
35
Omission of a word or words is generally indicated by the insertion of an __.
ellipsis (...)
36
For omitted letters or punctuations (Rule 4.3.1), the ellipsis is enclosed in __; whenever enclosed in
__, the ellipsis is not set-off by spaces as provided in the preceding sentence.
brackets; brackets
37
A quotation should (never/always) begin with an ellipsis.
never
38
In block quotes, when the omission consists of ___ paragraphs, use ___ , ___ aligned and separated by ___, to indicate the omission.
one or more; three asterisks; center; single spaces
39
For consistency, use ___ to emphasize parts of a quoted text. Never underline.
italics
40
Insert all parentheticals (i.e. “emphasis supplied,” “emphasis omitted,” “emphasis in the original,”
“citations omitted”) at the (footnote/at the end of the citation.)
footnote
41
In ___, capitalize words. Articles, conjunctions, and prepositions with less than ___ should not be capitalized, but always capitalize the ___ and the first word following
a colon.
titles and headings; five
| letters; initial word
42
Nouns pertaining to a specific person and entity must always be ___ , but not when they are
used in a common or generic sense
capitalized
43
The titles of specific laws, the names of specific courts, and titles of specific persons must be
___.
capitalized.
44
Words and phrases are italicized when they are non-__, unless they have been incorporated into common English usage or are used as proper nouns. However, ___ should remain italicized.
English; long Latin phrases, “id.,” and procedural phrases
45
The lowercase letter “l” should be __ when used as a subdivision to distinguish it from the numeral “1.”
italicized
46
In case of a long name of a juridical entity add a parenthetical containing an ____ after the name, then use the shortened name thereafter.
abbreviation or
| acronym
47
Generally, abbreviations are (not/always) punctuated by periods, whether they are used in the body text or footnotes. However, when the acronym or abbreviation is used as a ___, periods must be used, unless convention or other rules hold otherwise.
not; reporter name
48
If the abbreviation is the one officially used by or for the juridical entity, do not enclose it in __. If the abbreviation to be used for the entity is not official, enclose it in ___.
quotation marks; quotation marks
49
In case of any other long name, add a parenthetical containing an ___ after the name, and then use the ___ thereafter. The abbreviation must be enclosed in quotation marks even for documents commonly and officially known for their abbreviations.
abbreviation; shortened name
50
The abbreviation must be introduced at least __ each in the body
text and the footnotes if it will be used in both.
once
51
Countries such as the United States and United Kingdom that are commonly identified by their acronyms may be abbreviated when used as an ___ without having to first use the full name.
adjective
52
The abbreviations __ are not italicized; neither are they followed by a comma.
“i.e.” and “e.g.”
53
When used in a parenthetical reference, titles of judges and justices are __. Otherwise, their full titles are spelled out.
abbreviated and italicized
54
Generally, the numbers __ are spelled out, but when the of any sentence begins with a number, the number must also be spelled out.
less than 10; first word
55
When a number is a __ integer, or when it has a __, numerals must be used.
negative; decimal
56
For consistency, when a series includes numbers both __ , numerals must be used.
less than 10 and greater than or equal to 10
57
Numerals with __ digits must use commas to separate every thousandth decimal place. Note that numerals are written (with/without) interrupting spaces
four or more; without
58
For succeeding numbers, spell out the __.
first
59
For exact currency amounts, begin with the proper __ currency code followed by the amount using numerals. However, for ___, begin with append the currency, spelled out, at the end of the estimate.
ISO 4217 three-figure; estimates or large numbers
60
An en dash is preceded and followed by a __, while an em dash and a hyphen are not. Generally, an en dash (the width of an “n”) is used to ___ and is often used as a substitute for “to,” an em dash (the width of an “m”) is as an informal separator of a __ , and a dash connects __.
space; connect values in a range; parenthetical reference; compound words
61
The percent sign (%) (does not/immediately) follows the numbers to which they pertain.
immediately
