part three: reform and reformers- protest and change

Question 1

what did this group campaign about?

Answer 1

the price of wheat- the impact on the price of bread

Question 2

when was Britain at war with France?

Answer 2

1803-1815

Question 3

what was significant about Britain being at war with France?

Answer 3

they had stopped trading with the French

Question 4

why did the politicians in government not want to start trading with France again?

Answer 4

they were wealthy landowners- they had made money from the high wheat prices and were reluctant to see their prices fall

Question 5

when did the government pass the Corn Laws?

Answer 5

1815

Question 6

what did the Corn Laws provide?

Answer 6

the laws were designed to keep the price of wheat high- if the price fell too low, imports of wheat would be stopped

Question 7

where were there riots?

Answer 7

from Westminster to Dundee- all through the country

Question 8

who was the Anti-Corn Law League mainly made up of?

Answer 8

middle-class men who felt the restrictions were unfair to the poor and manufacturing middle class

Question 9

what were two prominent Leaguers?

Answer 9

Richard Cobden John Bright

Question 10

what were John Bright and Richard Cobden like?

Answer 10

excellent orators- they toured the country, giving speeches and spreading support for the League

Question 11

what forms of propaganda did the men create?

Answer 11

pamphlets
published articles in sympathetic newspapers

Question 12

what did the men use in terms of new technology?

Answer 12

they used the railway to travel faster
they spread their pamphlets through the penny post (a cheap post that most people could afford)

Question 13

what did the men use the penny post for?

Answer 13

they used it to send a pamphlet to every eligible voter in the country and easily obtained nationwide support

Question 14

what were the Anti Corn Law League’s main arguments?

Answer 14

the laws were unfair to the poor because they increased the price of a basic food
cheap wheat could help to lower living costs
people could spend more money on other foods, such as meat, which would help farmers
people could also spend more money on industrial goods, thus benefiting the manufacturers
countries that could export their wheat to Britain would have the money to invest in industry
the relationship built up trade with these countries could ensure peace in Europe in the coming years

Question 15

when were the men elected as MP’s?

Answer 15

in 1841 and 1843

Question 16

who did the men have the support of?

Answer 16

the Prime Minister- Robert Peel

Question 17

what was Peel a supporter of?

Answer 17

free trade and saw the benefits of repealing the Corn Laws

Question 17

what was Peel also the leader of?

Answer 17

the Conservative Party- members were mostly wealthy landowners

Question 18

when was the potato failure in Ireland?

Answer 18

early 1840’s

Question 19

what was the potato failure in Ireland caused by?

Answer 19

the crop disease blight which had spread across Europe

Question 20

why was the crop failure a problem for the poor in Ireland?

Answer 20

they relied heavily on potatoes and bread for their diet

Question 21

where were there also crop failures?

Answer 21

in England and Scotland and reports of suffering started to reach London

Question 22

why was England suffering?

Answer 22

there was a bad harvest, the lack of work for tenant farmers and the high price of bread

Question 23

what year did Peel repeal the Corn Laws?

Answer 23

1846

Question 24

what affect did repealing the Corn Laws have?

Answer 24

British farmers hadn't realised that the low price of wheat after the end of the war with France was not because of foreign impacts but because of wheat over-production in Britain during the war years

Question 25

what did the increase in population and the return to normal prices of wheat mean?

Answer 25

farmers and landowners did not suffer the poor were able to afford wheat and the price of barely, oats and meat increased-helped the farmers who had been affected

Question 26

when did Britain's involvement in the slave trade stop?

Answer 26

in the 19th century

Question 27

how many slaves died on each crossing?

Answer 27

1/3 of the passengers

Question 28

what was a slaves average life expectancy?

Answer 28

27

Question 29

who created the Anti-Slavery Society?

Answer 29

William Wilberforce

Question 30

what did the Anti-Slavery Society do?

Answer 30

held public meetings to educate people produced pamphlets and posters society members wore a badge to display their membership

Question 31

by 1792 how much of Manchester's population had signed the petition?

Answer 31

1/4

Question 32

who was William Wilberforce?

Answer 32

MP for Hull motivated by his Christian faith spoke in Parliament and pushed several bills through to abolish slavery held meetings to convince other members of society to end slavery

Question 33

what did Wilberforce do in 1797?

Answer 33

presented a petition to Parliament- had more signatures than the Chartist petition

Question 34

what did Wilberforce do in 1807?

Answer 34

secured the Abolition of the Slave Trade Act in 1807- made it illegal to buy and sell enslaved people in the British Empire- people were allowed to keep the enslaved people they already owned

Question 35

who was Olaudah Equiano?

Answer 35

had been enslaved to a ship-master and had travelled the world- he became educated and converted to Christianity bought his freedom and travelled more before settling in England

Question 36

what book did Olaudah Equiano write?

Answer 36

The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano

Question 37

what was Equiano's autobiography used for?

Answer 37

used by the abolition movement to win people's support- made people aware of the horrors of slavery

Question 38

who was Thomas Clarkson?

Answer 38

collected information about slavery and the conditions on board slave ships considered slavery evil and saw it as his job to do something about it

Question 39

what did Thomas Clarkson produce?

Answer 39

drawings of the conditions on slave ships and pamphlets to show how horrible the conditions were for enslaved people

Question 40

who was Granville Sharp?

Answer 40

in the late 1700's, he supported cases of black enslaved people in Britain who wanted to be free

Question 41

what was Granville Sharp motivated by?

Answer 41

his studies and interests in politics and law

Question 42

what was the case of Johnathon Strong?

Answer 42

he was recaptured by his former slavemaster and sent back to the Caribbean- Sharp won his case for freedom

Question 43

what did Sharp bring to public attention?

Answer 43

the case of the slave ship Zong- 133 enslaved people were reportedly thrown overboard

Question 44

when was slavery in Britain abolished?

Answer 44

in 1807- though those who were already owned did not have to be freed

Question 45

when did parliament ban slave ownership?

Answer 45

1833

Question 46

what did the government do in 1833?

Answer 46

paid former slave owners £20 million for their loss of property

Question 47

how much did the Bishop of Exeter receive?

Answer 47

over £12,000 for the loss of 665 enslaved people

Question 48

what was the "white's man's burden"?

Answer 48

the view that black people were inferior and Britain had a responsibility to keep enslaved black people locked up

Question 49

what did Hannah More do?

Answer 49

she wrote poems for the abolition movement

Question 50

how many anti-slavery societies were run by women?

Answer 50

73

Question 51

when did the British take control of Jamaica?

Answer 51

in 1655

Question 52

what did the Maroons do?

Answer 52

they escaped from the plantations they were forced to work at and went to live in the mountains

Question 53

what happened in St Dominique?

Answer 53

two years after the French revolution, the enslaved people rebelled they killed the white plantation owners and burnt the sugar crops

Question 54

who was Toussaint L'Ouverture?

Answer 54

he led fellow enslaved people to victory and slavery was abolished on the island in 1804 the island was declared as independent and given the new name Haiti

Question 55

what was bad about the Abolition of Slavery Act in 1833?

Answer 55

only instantly freed enslaved people under the age of 6

Question 56

why was the success of the abolition movement good in the long term?

Answer 56

a positive change for black people globally as Britain increased the pressure on other nations to abolish slavery