part two- popular uprisings against the Crown (chapter 4)

Question 1

when did Henry VIII become king?

Answer 1

1509

Question 2

what was the Reformation?

Answer 2

a religious movement in the 1500s that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church

Question 3

why did the Reformation occur?

Answer 3

many people believed there was a problem with the Church’s wealth and its influence in society- even the King began to question the Church

Question 4

what did people think about the monasteries?

Answer 4

the monasteries and nunneries were becoming too powerful

Question 5

what did they think about the people of the monasteries?

Answer 5

many people had forgotten their vows of poverty and were living a life of luxury while people outside starved

Question 6

what was Martin Luther angry about?

Answer 6

he was angry at the clergy selling indulgences for sin- people would give the priests money to get forgiveness for their sins- he believed Christians were saved by their own sins

Question 7

what did Luther do that started the Protestant Reformation?

Answer 7

he translated the Bible into German- his ideas spread around Europe and started the Protestant Reformation

Question 8

what problems did Henry VIII have with his reign?

Answer 8

the Pope had competing power with him- the English people would take direction from the Pope, not Henry

Question 9

why did Henry make himself the head of the Church of England?

Answer 9

so he could get a divorce from Catherine of Aragon

Question 10

what act was passed that allowed Henry to be the head of the Church of England?

Answer 10

the Act of Supremacy, 1534

Question 11

what did the Act of Supremacy allow him to do?

Answer 11

he had full control and no longer had to pay taxes to the Pope in Rome

Question 12

who most famously refused to recognise Henry as the head of the church?

Answer 12

his Lord Chancellor, Thomas More

Question 13

what law did Henry create?

Answer 13

to make it treason not to accept Henry as the head of the church

Question 14

who did Henry create the law with?

Answer 14

Thomas Cromwell

Question 15

what was Thomas Cromwell part of?

Answer 15

Henry’s court

Question 16

what was Cromwell to Henry?

Answer 16

his most faithful servant- he helped to secure Henry’s divorce and make Henry wealthy again

Question 17

how much of the land did the monasteries control?

Answer 17

a 1/4 of the land in England and had a combined annual income of £200,000

Question 18

what happened in 1536?

Answer 18

parliament passed an act closing all small monasteries that had an annual income of less than £200

Question 19

what was Valor Ecclesiasticus?

Answer 19

an evaluation of monastery finances

Question 20

who set up Valor Ecclesiasticus?

Answer 20

Thomas Cromwell

Question 21

what did Cromwell do in regards to Valor Ecclesiasticus?

Answer 21

he sent inspectors to the monasteries to see what they were spending their money on- if they were seen not to be run properly they would be closed down and the Crown would take the finances- reports were sent to Cromwell and if they were positive they would be sent back to be rewritten in a way that showed them in a less positive light

Question 22

why were people unhappy with Henry’s changes- rising prices?

Answer 22

prices normally stayed the same every year but they continued to rise under Henry- people blamed his advisors

Question 23

why were people unhappy with Henry’s changes- changes to religion?

Answer 23

many people disliked the changes made to the Church- they wanted the monasteries back and the Pope as head of the church

Question 24

why were people unhappy with Henry’s changes- landowners lost influence?

Answer 24

many landowners who had been advisors to the king fell out of favour after the divorce- they had been supporters of Catherine and felt pushed out- they blamed Cromwell

Question 25

why were people unhappy with Henry's changes- Cromwell's power?

Answer 25

Cromwell was seen as the creator of the new religious policies and he had helped Henry get a divorce from Catherine- many of the landowners disliked him, as he was the son of a blacksmith and therefore seen as not good enough to advise the King

Question 26

when did the Pilgrimage of Grace occur?

Answer 26

1536

Question 27

where did the Pilgrimage of Grace begin?

Answer 27

Yorkshire

Question 28

who was the uprising by?

Answer 28

devout Christians who were worried and angered by the changes that Henry had made to the Church

Question 29

who was the leader of the Pilgrimage of Grace?

Answer 29

a lawyer called Robert Aske

Question 30

what did Aske and his followers want to do?

Answer 30

they wanted Henry to restore the monasteries- in the North of England the monasteries did some important social work and were not as corrupt as in the South recognise the Pope as the Head of the Church dismiss Cromwell and other ministers who were giving the King poor advice

Question 31

what did the marchers carry?

Answer 31

a banner showing the five wounds of Christ- the uprising was about religion and was against those who were seen to be corrupting it

Question 32

what happened throughout October 1536?

Answer 32

the pilgrims captured key locations

Question 33

where did the rebellion begin?

Answer 33

in Lincoln with Lord Hussey- a supporter of Catherine

Question 34

what did Lord Hussey want?

Answer 34

they wanted a removal of taxes

Question 35

what rebellion happened after Lincoln?

Answer 35

York and Pontefract Castle- which had been held by Lord Darcy, a supporter of Henry were captured

Question 36

by the end of October what had happened?

Answer 36

they had control of most of England, north of Cheshire and Lincolnshire

Question 37

who did Henry choose to negotiate with the pilgrims?

Answer 37

the Duke of Norfolk

Question 38

who was the Duke of Norfolk?

Answer 38

a Catholic and a critic of Cromwell

Question 39

when and where did the Duke of Norfolk meet the pilgrims?

Answer 39

27th October at Doncaster Bridge

Question 40

what was the Duke of Norfolk's army?

Answer 40

8000 men and Aske had 30,000 men

Question 41

what did Norfolk reassure Aske with?

Answer 41

he would present a list of demands straight to Henry

Question 42

how long did the rebels take to meet their demands?

Answer 42

a month

Question 43

what were the demands?

Answer 43

they were the same as before except this time they added that a parliament must meet in York- they now wanted better representation for the North

Question 44

what did Norfolk do in regards to the demands of the pilgrims?

Answer 44

he reassured Aske and the rebels that royal pardons would be given- Aske took off his pilgrim's badge and the rebels went home

Question 45

what happened in December 1536?

Answer 45

Robert Aske spent the Christmas holiday with Henry at his palace in Greenwich

Question 46

what news did the rebels receive in December 1536?

Answer 46

the king was strengthening his garrison in the north- he had no intention of sticking to his word- the rebels decided to strike first

Question 47

what happened in January 1537?

Answer 47

castles in Hull, Beverley and Scarborough were attacked by the rebels

Question 48

what did the rebellions in January 1537 give Henry the excuse to do?

Answer 48

cancel the pardons

Question 49

what did Norfolk do once the rebellions began again in January 1537?

Answer 49

Norfolk travelled North again and a further rebellion took him to Carlisle- the rebels surrendered and 74 of them were hanged in their own gardens- Norfolk did not hang more because he felt they had been humiliated enough

Question 50

what happened to Robert Aske?

Answer 50

he was killed in York on 12th July 1537

Question 51

what happened to Darcy and Hussey?

Answer 51

they were beheaded the previous year in London

Question 52

when was the dissolution of the larger monasteries?

Answer 52

in 1539

Question 53

what happened to the monasteries?

Answer 53

they were left empty- having been stripped of the gold and jewels by the monks

Question 54

what improved greatly after the pilgrimage?

Answer 54

court finances as they had the money from the monasteries

Question 55

what did Henry spend this money on?

Answer 55

developing the Royal Navy- building more ships like the Mary Rose and reinforcing fortifications- he was still worried about foreign attack

Question 56

what happened in the long term with Henry and his control?

Answer 56

he consolidated his control in the North with the council of the North he increased the power of loyal families and secured the border on Scotland

Question 57

what happened in the short term with Henry?

Answer 57

he was convinced about the need for the end of the monasteries and was adamant that he should have control over all people and institutions

Question 58

were there any more rebellions during Henry's reign?

Answer 58

no

Question 59

why was Thomas Cromwell executed?

Answer 59

he had fallen out of favour with the king and was charged with treason and corruption

Question 60

what was one of the things Henry blamed Cromwell for?

Answer 60

encouraging him to marry Anne of Cleves- his fourth wife who was not to his liking

Question 61

when was Cromwell beheaded?

Answer 61

July 1540

Question 62

what happened after Cromwell was beheaded?

Answer 62

Henry now had control over the Church and his country