particle Flashcards
(29 cards)
what is a fundamental?
subatomic particle not composed or other particles
what is the world made of ?
- up quark
- down quark
- electron
is the atom fundamental ?
no
is the nucleus fundamental ?
no
are proton and neutrons fundamental ?
no (made up of quarks)
Describe briefly : the modern atomic model
- neutrons + protons made up or quarks in nucleus
- electrons in constant motion around nucleus
List the scale of atomic sizes for differing particles
proton - 1.67 x 10-27
neutron - 1.67 x 10-27
electron - 9.11 x 10-31
Describe briefly what you understand by the ‘Standard Model’
–6 quarks / 6 leptons and force carrier particles e..g photo to explain what the world is and how it is held together
It is known that the 100s of particles are all made from how many fundamental particles?
-31
Describe the difference between Quarks and Leptons
-quarks interact w/ the strong nuclear force and leptons do not (EM and weak forces)
What do you understand by Matter and Antimatter ?
- every type of matter particle – corresponding antimatter particle
what is Antimatter ?
-behave like corresponding particle but w/ opposite charge
what are quarks ?
fundamental particles which make up hadrons
describe how quarks are named
- 6 flavours
- up and down
- strange - named after strangely long lifetime of k particle (1st composite particle found to contain quark)
- charm and beauty (bottom and top)
Describe what are the characteristics of hadrons , baryons and mesons
-hadrons - net integer electric charge can be divided into baryons and mesons
mesons - 1 quark + anti quark
-baryons - any hadron made of 3 quarks (qqq)
what are neutrinos?
-type of lepton - no electrical charge = no interaction
explain what happens when matter and anti-matter meet
-they annihilate - leave nothing but energy
Describe how matter is generated
-universe cooled, quarks + electrons made , quarks produce protons + neutrons - form nuclei
what are the 4 interactions in physics?
- attractive and repulsive forces
- decay
- annihilation
How does Matter interact ?
-force passed between 2 particles - force at a distance
How is force at a distance explained by carrier particles?
-carrier particles like basket balls tossed between matter particles - a force is acc effects of force carrier particles
Describe how electromagnetism holds things together.
-e..g force keeping you falling through floor = electromagnetic force causes atoms making up matter in feet + floor to resist being displaced
What do you understand by : residual E-M force
-charged parts of one atom interact w/ charged parts of another – allows atoms to bind
What holds the nucleus together?
-strong force holds quarks together to form hadrons - carrier particles called gluons
(protons and neutrons in nucleus made up of quarks)
- Residual strong force between quarks in one proton and another is strong enough to overwhelm the repulsive magnetic force
