Particle Model (T14)

Question 1

What does the kinetic theory state?

Answer 1

Everything is made of tiny particles. It explains the properties of the different states of matter (solid, liquid and gas). The particles are the same but the arrangement and energy are different

Question 2

Gas to solid

Answer 2

Deposition or desublimation (thermodynamic)

Question 3

Solid to gas

Answer 3

Sublimation

Question 4

Arrangement and movement of solid

Answer 4

Strong forces of attraction hold particles closely together in a fixed, regular pattern/arrangement. Keeps the shape in a fixed position but can’t be compressed. Particles only vibrate (on the spot) but can’t move around as they do t have much energy

Question 5

Arrangement and movement of liquid

Answer 5

Weaker forces of attraction between the particles. They are close together and can’t be compressed but they can move past each other (faster) due to more energy so they form irregular, random arrangements. They move in random directions at low speeds and take the shape of the container they are in

Question 6

Arrangement and movement of gas

Answer 6

Almost no forces of attraction between the particles so they are far apart. They have the most energy and are free to move around in random directions and at high speeds. They are compressible and expand to fill a container

Question 7

Properties and explanation of solids

Answer 7

Fixed shape and cannot flow - particles can’t move around due to less energy.
Can’t be compressed - particles are close together and have no space to move into due to strong forces of attraction

Question 8

Properties and explanation of liquids

Answer 8

Flow and take shape of container - particles are free to move around and slide past each other as there is more energy.
Can’t be compressed - particles are still close together due to strong forces of attraction so they have no space to move into

Question 9

Properties and explanation of gases

Answer 9

Flow and completely fill container - particles can move quickly in all directions due to having the most energy.
Can be compressed - particles are far apart due to weak forces of attraction so they have dove to move into

Question 10

What happens during a change of state?

Answer 10

Mass is conserved, the number of particles stays the same. In a physical change - no new substance is formed, it recovers its original properties when reversed. In a chemical change - mass is conserved but the chafe in substances can’t be reversed

Question 11

Density def

Answer 11

Mass of a certain volume of the substance

Question 12

Density eq

Answer 12

Density = mass / volume (p=m / v)

Question 13

Specific latent heat def

Answer 13

The amount of energy needed to make 1kg of a substance to change state

Question 14

Specific heat capacity def

Answer 14

The amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1°C

Question 15

Gas pressure eq

Answer 15

P1 x V1 = P2 x V2 (given)

Question 16

Specific heat capacity eq

Answer 16

c = E / m x change in temperature

Change in energy = m x change in temperature x c
m = mass
c = specific heat capacity

Question 17

Specific latent heat eq

Answer 17

L = E / m

Thermal energy = mass x specific latent heat
L = specific latent heat (J/kg)
Q = thermal energy change of state

Question 18

Kelvin to celcius

Answer 18

• 273

Question 19

Absolute zero

Answer 19

Particles have no kinetic energy.
The coldest temperature a substance can be.
0K = -273°C