Particles

Question 1

Topic

what is described by verb, “as for…” contrast

Answer 1

은/는

께서는 (honorific)

Question 2

Subject
(what predicate is about)

Honorific form

Answer 2

이/가

-께서

Question 3

Object

object of the verb, things verb is done to

Answer 3

-을/를

Question 4

also

compare, parallel

Answer 4

-도

Question 5

location (static location, to [destination])

on (time)

Answer 5

에

removed with 어디

Question 6

location (active location, from)

Answer 6

에서

With 어디 —> 어디서

Question 7

what about…?/how about…?

request listener to shift focus

Answer 7

-은요 / -는요

Question 8

Up to (location/time)

Answer 8

까지

Question 9

From (location/time)

Answer 9

부터

Question 10

1) By means of

2) A choice among options (when something is chosen from many options, attached to chosen option)

Answer 10

(으)로

Question 11

And (particle)

Answer 11

와 / 과

(이)랑

하고

Question 12

but, although

Answer 12

• 지만

* both clauses must indicate the tense

Question 13

To confirm with listener or seek agreement

Answer 13

-죠 (지요)

Question 15

only

Answer 15

-만

Question 16

Possessive (of)

Usually only when possessed or possessed refers to abstract (ie news of the day)

Answer 16

-의

pronounced -에

Question 17

Replaces possessive object

Combined with possessive pronouns = ours, mine

Answer 17

-거(예요)

Question 18

plural

Answer 18

-들

Question 19

nothing but, only

nothing but, only (when amount less than speakers expectations)

Answer 19

• 밖에

- 밖에 + Negative (안)

Question 20

as much/many as

indicate quantity more than speakers expectations

Answer 20

-(이)나

Question 21

either, or

Answer 21

-거나

Question 22

at the time of NOUN

Answer 22

N + 때

Question 23

before noun/time

often used with nouns of 하다 verbs

Answer 23

Noun/Time + 전에

Question 24

If…then
When…then

(Present and future)

Answer 24

-(으)면

With: V / Adj / N + (이)다

(ㄹ + 면, irregular ㄷ ㅂ converted)

Question 25

between

Answer 25

-까리

Question 26

Noun OR Noun

Answer 26

-(이)나

Question 27

Shortened of 것

Answer 27

것 — 거

것이 — 게

것을 — 걸

것은 — 건

Question 28

about

Answer 28

• 에 대해

Question 29

Adjectives to Adverbs

Answer 29

Adj VS + -게

ex. 기쁘게 웃다
재미있게

Question 30

every, each

Answer 30

N + 마다

ex. 사람마다 달라요.

Question 31

polite form of noun

Answer 31

N + (이)요

Question 32

Indicates Alternatives and Options (with verbs or adjectives)

Either A or B

Answer 32

A든지 + B든지
(Verb stem든지 하다)

ex. 내일 비가 오든지 눈이 오든지 합니다.

Question 33

1. a certain point when action is complete

2. a certain point when action is in progress

Answer 33

1. 았/었을 때
2. -을 때

가다/오다 difference in meaning more significant

Question 34

“both…and…”
to talk about two things within one sentence with equal emphasis

(replaces subject or object particle)

Answer 34

N + -도 N + -도

Question 35

“as…, while…”

1. indicates two actions that occur simultaneously (verbs)
2. indicates something has both properties (adj and 이다)
3. acting agent of the sentence does both clasues, but the clauses oppose each other directly.

Answer 35

-(으)면서

if last letter ㄹ, add 면서

ex.
1. 저는 영화를 보면서 콜라를 마셨어요.
2. 오늘 날씨가 흐리면서 쌀쌀해요.
그 사람은 의사이면서 교수입니다.
3. 그 사안이 급하다고 하면서 그냥 앉아 있어요.

저는 아빠랑 같이 하키를 하면서 자랐어요.

Question 36

1. list or connect two clauses that have a similar idea

2. indicates two actions that occur simultaneously (not as common)

Answer 36

-(으)며