Pronounciation Rules Flashcards
Re-syllabification
Syllable final consonant followed w/o pause by a vowel, carried over
읽어요 –> [일거요]
Syllable-final closure
at end of word or before a consonant, all Korean consonants are pronounced w/closure of the speech organs, w/o releasing air
ex. 꽃 –> [꼳]
Lips –> ㅂ, ㅍ –> [ㅂ]
Gum range/hard palate: ㄷ, ㅌ, ㅅ, ㅆ, ㅈ, ㅊ -> [ㄷ]
Soft palate: ㄱ, ㅋ, ㄲ -> [ㄱ]
Nasal assimilation
all plosive and fricative consonants become the corresponding nasal consonant BEFORE a nasal consonant (ㅁ, ㄴ)
입만 –> [입만] 없나요 –> [엄나요)
ㅂ, ㅍ –> [ㅁ]
ㄷ, ㅌ, ㅅ, ㅆ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅎ –> [ㄴ]
ㄱ, ㅋ, ㄲ –> [ㅇ]
ㄴ to ㄹ assimilation
a. ㄹ and ㄴ come together, ㄴ sound replaced by ㄹ
ex. 칠년 –> [칠련]
b. ㄹ followed by vowel I or semivowel y, in some compound words, another ㄹ inserted in between
ex. 물약 –> [물략]
Tensification
When plain plosive consonants (ㅂ,ㄷ,ㅈ,ㄱ), or fricative consonant ㅅ followed by plosive or fricative reinforced to become tense consonant
ex. 학생 –> [학쌩]
없다 –> 업따
숙제 –> 숙쩨
식당 –> 식땅
Aspiration and /ㅎ/ weakening
When ㅎ followed or preceded by plain plosive consonants, it merges to produce corresponding aspirate consonant
ㅎ + ㅂ,ㄷ,ㅈ,ㄱ = [ㅍ,ㅌ,ㅊ,ㅋ]
ㅂ,ㄷ,ㅈ,ㄱ + ㅎ = [ㅍ,ㅌ,ㅊ,ㅋ]
좋다 –> 조타
닫히다 –> 닫치
Double Consonant Reduction
when two consonants are in syllable-final position one of the two becomes silent at end of word or before a consonant
값 –> 갑
여덟 –> 여덜
When ending consonant ㄷ or ㅌ followed by a suffix with vowel I or semivowel y pronounced ㅈ or ㅊ respectively (whether intervenes or not)
닫혀요 –> 다쳐요
붙이다 –> 부치다
Place assimilation (in casual speech)
ㄷ optionally pronounced [ㅂ] before ㅂ or ㅃand as [ㄱ] before ㄱ,ㄲ
ㄴ optionally pronounced [ㅁ] before ㅂ,ㅃ,ㅁ and [ㅇ] before ㄱ or ㄲ
꽃병 –> [꼳뼝/꼽병]
한강 –> [한강/항강]
Conjugations -> vowel contractions
1) 애 causes 어 to be dropped
2) 이+ 어 = 여
3) 시 + 어 = 세 (honorific)
4) VS ends in 으 , 으 dropped before another vowel
