Parts of a Eukaryotic Cell

Question 1

What is the cell membrane?

Answer 1

A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells

Question 2

What does the cell membrane regulate?

Answer 2

What enters and exits the cell

Question 3

What is another name for the cell membrane?

Answer 3

The plasma membrane

Question 4

What are the lipids of the cell membrane called?

Answer 4

Phospholipids

Question 5

What is the main function of the cell wall?

Answer 5

Provide shape to the cell

Question 6

What does the cell wall guard against?

Answer 6

Water loss

Question 7

Difference between plant and fungi wall:

Answer 7

Fungi Wall: Protects inside of cell from outside of cell
Plant Wall: Made of cellulose, provides structure and support

Question 8

What is the cytoskeleton?

Answer 8

A complex network of protein filaments

Question 9

Is the cytoskeleton on organelle?

Answer 9

No!!

Question 10

What are the three filaments that make up the cytoskeleton?

Answer 10

1. Actin filaments
2. Microtubes
3. Intermediate filaments

Question 11

What does the cytoplasm do?

Answer 11

Hold all of the components of the cell

Question 12

Where does metabolism occur?

Answer 12

In the cytoplasm

Question 13

What two parts of the cell are not in the cytoplasm, and are separately enclosed?

Answer 13

Nucleus and Mitochondria

Question 14

Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?

Answer 14

No!!!!

Question 15

What does the nucleus contain?

Answer 15

Chromosomes

Question 16

What is the sub-organelle of the nucleus?

Answer 16

The Nucleolus

Question 17

What action takes place in the nucleolus?

Answer 17

Ribosomes begin to be assembled

Question 18

Ribosomes are 50% ___ and 50% ___.

Answer 18

rRNA, proteins

Question 19

Where does protein synthesis begin?

Answer 19

The ribosomes

Question 20

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 20

The internal membrane system

Question 21

Where is the endoplasmic reticulum located in the cell?

Answer 21

Near the Golgi Apparatus

Question 22

Where does the second stage of protein synthesis occur?

Answer 22

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 23

Where does the third stage of protein synthesis occur?

Answer 23

The Golgi Apparatus

Question 24

Who is the Golgi Apparatus named after?

Answer 24

Scientist Camillo Golgi

Question 25

What does the Golgi Apparatus do?

Answer 25

Package and process proteins for future use OR release proteins from cell

Question 26

What shape is the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 26

Tube-like

Question 27

What does the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum do?

Answer 27

1. Synthesize lipids 2. Store calcium 3. Make carbohydrates

Question 28

What are vacuoles in plant cells called?

Answer 28

Sap vacuoles

Question 29

How many vacuoles per plant cell?

Answer 29

One

Question 30

What is the largest organelle?

Answer 30

The vacuole, which takes up up to 90% of the cell

Question 31

What is the membrane of the vacuole called?

Answer 31

The tonoplast

Question 32

What keeps the vacuole rigid?

Answer 32

Turgor Pressure

Question 33

How does the vacuole help maintain water balance?

Answer 33

By pumping excess water out of the cell

Question 34

In animal cells, what does the vacuole store?

Answer 34

Water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

Question 35

What type of vacuole takes water and pushes it out of the cell?

Answer 35

Contractile vacuole

Question 36

What does the lysosome do?

Answer 36

1. Breakdown macromolecules 2. Respond to foreign substances 3. Break down waste within cell

Question 37

The lysosome is ____ shaped and filled with ____.

Answer 37

Sphere, hydraulic enzymes

Question 38

What do vesicles do?

Answer 38

Transport materials within or outside of the cell

Question 39

What are the three types of vesicles?

Answer 39

1. Transport 2. Secretory 3. Extracellular

Question 40

What do vesicles do to toxins?

Answer 40

Absorb and destroy them

Question 41

The transport of vesicles in the cell is directed by the ___.

Answer 41

Golgi Bodies

Question 42

What do transport vesicles do?

Answer 42

Move materials within the cell

Question 43

What do secretory vesicles do?

Answer 43

Bring molecules outside of the cell

Question 44

What do extracellular vesicles do?

Answer 44

Bring materials from one cell to another. These can form when a cell dies.

Question 45

How many membranes do mitochondria have?

Answer 45

2

Question 46

What are the membranes of Mitochondria?

Answer 46

Inner and outer

Question 47

What is the Mitochondria?

Answer 47

The powerhouse of the cell

Question 48

What does the Mitochondria turn glucose into?

Answer 48

ATP

Question 49

Equation for photosynthesis

Answer 49

6CO2 + 6H2O + Sunlight energy --> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 50

Equation for cellular respiration

Answer 50

C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 51

What are fungi cell walls made of?

Answer 51

Chitin

Question 52

What do ribosomes sometimes connect to?

Answer 52

The endoplasmic reticulum

Question 53

What color is the cytoplasm?

Answer 53

Colorless (Clear)

Question 54

Centrioles

Answer 54

Special part of the cytoskeleton, only found in animal cells

Question 55

What is the membrane that surrounds the nucleus?

Answer 55

The nuclear envelope