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Honors Biology > Parts of the Cell > Flashcards

Parts of the Cell Flashcards

Cells

1
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A
  • protects the inside of the cell
  • supports the cell
  • controls what enters and exits
  • Cell has the ability to maintain a stable internal environment which is called homeostasis
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2
Q

What is the function of the Nucleus?

A
  • round and oval
  • near middle of cell
  • darker than the rest of cell
  • control center of cell
  • contains nucleic acid that carry instruction for cell processes and cell reproduction
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3
Q

What is the function of cytoplasm?

A
  • “cyto” means cell
  • “plasm” means something molded
  • most cell processes take place here
  • living material of the cell
  • jellylike substance contains different compounds
  • 80% water
  • contains organelles
  • most materials needed for growth are made in the cytoplasm and the organelles carry out the function
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4
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A
  • “powerhouse of the cell”

- releases energy stored in food

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5
Q

what is the function of ribosomes

A
  • tiny,round dark dots
  • attached to the ER
  • protein factories
  • assembles protein for growth repair and control the cells
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6
Q

What are the functions of ER

A
  • made of tubes and canals
  • used to transport materials from one place to another
  • Rough ER: has ribosomes
  • Smooth ER: doesn’t
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7
Q

What are the functions of the Golgi body?

A
  • stacks fo flattened sacs

- manufactures and ships material throughout the cell

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8
Q

What are the functions of the lysosomes?

A

-digest chemicals that break down food molecules, wast products and old cell products.

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9
Q

What does the nucleolus, centrioles and chromosomes do and what are?

A
  • Nucleolus: makes ribosomes
  • Centrioles: only visible during cell reproduction
  • Chromosomes: contains DNA
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10
Q

What are the 3 part of the plant cell that aren’t int he animal cell?

A

Vacuoles
Chloroplasts
Cell Walls

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11
Q

What are the functions of the vacuoles?

A
  • fluid sacs that float
  • stores water, food materials and water
  • helps rid plant of waste and water
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12
Q

What are the functions of the chloroplasts?

A
  • oval shaped organelles

- contains a compound called chlorophyll: which traps energy from the sun and gives the chloroplast it’s green color

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13
Q

What are the functions of the cell wall?

A
  • plant cells have another structure outside the cell membrane
  • separates plant cells
  • wall is rigid
  • provides support and protection and allows the plant to grow upright
  • cell wall is made of fibers and cellulose
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14
Q

Why does oxygen and water pass easily through the cell membrane?

A

Small and can dissolve in lipids

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15
Q

What is the fluid-mosaic model?

A

Double layer of lipids and phosphates with protein

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16
Q

What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?

A

Osmosis is the fusion of water and diffusion is the spreading of molecules from levels of a higher concentration to levels of lower concentration

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17
Q

What is the Browian Movement

A

Constant random movement of molecules

18
Q

Why are cell membranes selectively permeable?

A

So the cell can keep out what it need and bring in what is needs. Only selects materials that can pass

19
Q

What is hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic

A
  • Hypotonic: (Less solutes) the concentration of solute molecules in the environment outside the cell is lower than that inside the cell
  • Hypertonic: (more solutes) the concentration of solute molecules in the environment outside the cell is higher than that inside the cell.
  • isotonic: (equal solutes) the concentration of solute molecules in the environment and in the cell are equal
20
Q

What is used in active transport and why is it needed?

A

-Active transport uses ATP (energy) and it is needed to move solutes from a low to high concentration (goes against the concentration gradient)

21
Q

How does glucose enter cells?

A

glucose enters through facilitated diffusion

22
Q

What are proteins in the cell membrane called?

A

carrier molecules or transmembrane proteins

23
Q

What is a contractile vacuole use for in the cell?

A

prevents accumulation of water

24
Q

what is the difference between pinocytosis and phagocytosis

A

Pinocytosis is water bringing “water drinking”

Phagocytosis is solid bringing “solid eating”

25
Q

What is cytolysis and plasmolysis?

A

Cytolysis is the cell bursting

Plasmolysis is the losses water and the plant starts to wilt

26
Q

What is the bulk movement of liquids and solutes into the cell know as?

A

Endocytosis is the bring of large objects that have to be engulfed to enter. Exocytosis is the exiting of material

27
Q

Why is drinking saltwater dangerous?

A

Hypertonic to human cells and the water is going to start to leave the cell which will kill the cell and cause nerve damage

28
Q

What is osmosis and diffusion?

A

Osmosis:process by which water molecules diffuse through a membrane from an area of grater concentration to an area of lesser concentration
Diffusion: process in which molecules more from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

29
Q

What is the difference between a solvent and a solute?

A

Solvent: what is is dissolved in
Solute: is the substance that is being dissolves

30
Q

What is the concentration gradient and what are the largest and smallest cells?

A

Concentration Gradient: the difference in concentration across space
Smallest: mycoplasma
Largest: Ostrich egg

31
Q

Who named the cell?

A

Robert Hooke

32
Q

What is the rate of diffusion affected by?

A
  • Temp.
  • Pressure
  • Concentration Gradient
33
Q

What is an important factor in limiting cells growth since the exchange of vital materials would have to occur rapidly to sustain the cell?

A

Surface Area

34
Q

What is homeostasis and equilibrium?

A

Homeostasis:Biological balanced by controlling and regulating what gets into and out of the cell.
Equilibrium: when a concentration the molecules of a substance is the same throughout a space

35
Q

What is passive transport?

A

doesn’t require any energy. the movement of any substance across a membrane w/ out the use of ATP

36
Q

What is facilitated diffusion and grated channels?

A

Facilitated Diffusion: the passive former carrier proteins
Grated Channels:protein that controls passage and permits the cell membrane to be permeable as needed
-channels open and closes to responses of environmental stimuli

37
Q

What is the role of osmosis?

A
  • Crated Turgor Pressure: pressure inside of the cell from the forces of the water
  • When water leaves turgor pressure and cell wilts: plasmolysis
  • when water fills the cell to where it will burst: cytolysis
38
Q

What are contractile vacuoles?

A

organelles that remove water to maintain isotonic conditions

39
Q

What are carrier molecules?

A
  • proteins that aid in the transport of molecules across a membrane
  • each is specialized to allow the movement of only one type of molecule across a membrane
40
Q

What is the sodium-potassium pump

A
  • a chemical mechanism the moves sodium ions out of the cell and forces in the cell
  • depends on the ability of the protein carrier molecules to change shape
41
Q

I HATE BIO

A

SAME

Honors Biology (3 decks)

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