Parts Of The Eukaryotic Cell Section 4 Unit 2

Question 1

Peripheral proteins

Answer 1

A protein attached to the interior or exterior of surface of the cell membrane

Question 2

Integral protein

Answer 2

A protein imbedded in the bilayer of the cell membrane

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

Contains the various organelles of the cell

Question 4

Cytosol

Answer 4

A gelatin like aqueous fluid

Question 5

Golgi apparatus

Answer 5

The processing, packaging, and secreting organelle of the cell

Question 6

Cytoskeleton

Answer 6

A network of long protein strands located in the cytosol

Question 7

What are two major components of the cytoskeleton

Answer 7

The microfilaments and microtubules

Question 8

Actin

Answer 8

One of the two protein filaments in a muscle cell that function in contraction

Question 9

Spindle fibers

Answer 9

Bundles that come from when a cell is about to divide. Bundles of microtubules come together and extend across the cell

Question 10

Nuclear matrix

Answer 10

The nuclear skeleton, a shape maintaining protein

Question 11

Nuclear envelope

Answer 11

A double membrane surrounding the nucleus

Question 12

Chromatin

Answer 12

A combination of DNA and protein inside the nuclear envelope

Question 13

Chromosomes

Answer 13

Densely packed chromatin strands made when a cell is about to divide

Question 14

Nuclear pores

Answer 14

Small holes in the nuclear envelope

Question 15

Nucleolus

Answer 15

The site where ribosomes are are synthesized and partially assembled before they pass through the nuclear pores to the cytosol

Question 16

Cell wall

Answer 16

A rigid structure that surrounds the cells of plants, fungi, many Protists, and most bacteria

Question 17

Vacuoles

Answer 17

Fluid filled organelles store enzymes and metabolic wastes

Question 18

Plastids

Answer 18

Organelles that are surrounded by two membranes and contain DNA

Question 19

Chloroplasts

Answer 19

A plastid containing chlorophyll; the site of photosynthesis

Question 20

Thylakoids

Answer 20

A system of flattened membranous sacs

Question 21

Passive transport

Answer 21

The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of cell energy

Question 22

Diffusion

Answer 22

The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 23

Concentration gradient

Answer 23

The difference in the concentration of molecules across a space

Question 24

Equilibrium

Answer 24

When the concentration of the molecules of a substance is the same throughout a space

Question 25

Osmosis

Answer 25

The diffusion of water

Question 26

Contractile vacuoles

Answer 26

Organelles that remove water

Question 27

Turgor pressure

Answer 27

The pressure that water molecules exert against the cell wall

Question 28

Plasmolysis

Answer 28

When tutor pressure is lost; the reason plants grow

Question 29

Cytolysis

Answer 29

The bursting of cells

Question 30

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 30

A type of passive transport; used for molecules that can't diffuse rapidly

Question 31

Active transport

Answer 31

Materials are moved up their concentration gradient from and area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration

Question 32

Sodium potassium pump

Answer 32

A carrier protein that actively transports K+ ions into and Na+ ions out of the cell

Question 33

Endocytosis

Answer 33

The process by which cells ingest external fluid, macromolecules, and large particles, including other cells

Question 34

Vesicle

Answer 34

A membrane bound sac in a eukaryotic cell that contains materials involved in endocytosis, exocytosis, or transport within the cell

Question 35

Pinocytosis

Answer 35

A type of endocytosis that involves the transport of dilutes or fluids

Question 36

Phagocytosis

Answer 36

A type of endocytosis involving the movement of large particles or whole cells

Question 37

Phagocytes

Answer 37

A type of cell in animals that use phagocytosis to ingest bacteria and viruses that invade the body

Question 38

Exocytosis

Answer 38

The reverse of endocytosis

Question 39

Photosynthesis

Answer 39

Process by which organisms gain energy from sunlight

Question 40

Biochemical pathway

Answer 40

A series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction is consumed in the next reaction

Question 41

Light reactions

Answer 41

The initial reactions in photosynthesis, including the absorption of light by photosystems 1 and 2, the passage of electrons on the electron transport chain, the production of NADPH and O2, and the synthesis of ATP through chemiosmosis

Question 42

Grana

Answer 42

Thylakoids layered on top of one another

Question 43

Stroma

Answer 43

A solution surrounding the thylakoids

Question 44

Pigment

Answer 44

A compound that absorbs light

Question 45

Chlorophyll

Answer 45

The most important of the variety of pigments

Question 46

Carotenoids

Answer 46

Act as accessory pigments

Question 47

Primary electron acceptor

Answer 47

A molecule in the thylakoid membrane that accepts the electrons that chlorophyll a loses in the light reactions

Question 48

NADP+

Answer 48

An organic molecule that accepts electrons during redox reactions

Question 49

Chemiosmosis

Answer 49

A process in chloroplasts and mitochondria in which the movement of protons down their concentration gradient across a membrane is coupled to the synthesis of ATP

Question 50

ATP synthase

Answer 50

An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate

Question 51

Selectively permeable membrane

Answer 51

A membrane that keeps out some molecules but allows others to pass through