Passenger

Question 1

The relationship between the long axis of the fetus and the mother.

Answer 1

Lie

Question 2

The fetal part that first enters the maternal pelvis

Answer 2

Presentation

Question 4

involves the fetus lying longitudinally and the vertex is presenting, however, it is not in an occipitoanterior position

Answer 4

Fetal malposition

Question 5

During internal rotation in these positions, the fetal head must rotate through an arc of approximately ____ degrees.

Answer 5

135

Question 6

A head in ______________ position does not fit the cervix like a head in anterior position does.

Answer 6

posterior

Question 7

Posterior positions usually occur in women with _________________________________________ pelvis.

Answer 7

android, anthropoid, and contracted

Question 8

Pressure and pain would be experienced by the
woman in her lower back owing to sacral nerve
compression when the fetal head rotates against the
sacrum.

To relieve a portion of the pain, applying
counterpressure on the sacrum by a ___________ may be
done, and __________________ can also help.

Answer 8

back rub ; heat or cold application

Question 9

Rotations from a posterior position can be aided by having the woman assume a __________________ position, _________________ or ____________________; however, this is tiring for women in labor.

Answer 9

hands-and-knees; squatting; lying on her side

Question 10

The woman should void _______________ to keep her bladder empty and avoid impeding the descent of the fetus.

Answer 10

every 2 hours

Question 11

Maternal exhaustion can cause ________________, so a rotation of ____ degrees may not be possible if the contractions are ineffective or if the fetus is larger than average.

Answer 11

uterine dysfunction; 135

Question 12

Most fetuses are in a breech presentation early in pregnancy; however, by week ___, it turns into a cephalic presentation.

Answer 12

38

Question 13

Breech presentation increases the fetal risk for

Answer 13

• anoxia
• traumatic injury to the head
• fracture of the spine or arm
• dysfunctional labor
• early rupture of membranes

Question 14

Fetal heart sounds are heard high in the ______________ in breech presentation.

Answer 14

abdomen

Question 15

______________________ can determine breech presentation.

Answer 15

Leopold’s maneuver and vaginal examination

Question 16

Be certain to monitor the ___________________ continuously to detect fetal distress early and provide prompt intervention.

Answer 16

FHR and uterine contractions

Question 17

In a breech birth, the birth of the __________ is the most dangerous part because a loop of umbilical cord that has passed down alongside the head may be compressed.

Answer 17

head

Question 18

______________________ is another danger of breech birth because of the pressure changes that has occurred spontaneously.

Answer 18

Intracranial hemorrhage

Question 19

An infant born from a frank breech position usually extends his or her legs continuously during the first ______________ of life, so be sure to point out to the parents that this is normal.

Answer 19

2 or 3 days

Question 20

Hips flexed, knees extended (pike position)

Answer 20

Frank breech (50-70%)

Question 21

Hips flexed, knees flexed (cannonball position

Answer 21

Complete breech (5-10%)

Question 22

One or both hips extended, foot presenting.

Answer 22

Footling or incomplete (10-30%)

Question 23

Face and brow presentations are called _________________ or a fetal head presenting at a different angle than expected

Answer 23

asynclitism

Question 24

Face presentation can be determined through ________________ when the nose, mouth, or chin is felt as the presenting part or through ___________.

Answer 24

vaginal examination; ultrasound

Question 25

Face presentation usually occurs in women with .

Answer 25

- contracted pelvis - placenta previa, - relaxed uterus of a multipara - prematurity - hydramnios - fetal malformation

Question 26

If the chin is anterior and the pelvic diameters are within normal limits, the infant can be born ____________

Answer 26

vaginally

Question 27

If the chin is posterior, ________________ is the birth method of choice.

Answer 27

cesarean birth

Question 28

________________________ are present in a baby born after a face presentation.

Answer 28

Facial edema and ecchymosis

Question 29

The rarest among the presentations

Answer 29

Brow Presentation

Question 30

Brow Presentation usually occurs in

Answer 30

multipara women or in a woman with relaxed abdominal muscles.

Question 31

___________________ on the face is also present in infants born after a brow presentation.

Answer 31

Extreme ecchymosis

Question 32

Macrosomia or an oversized fetus weighs more than ________________________, and this size may become a problem.

Answer 32

4000 to 4500g

Question 33

Macrosomic babies are usually born to women with

Answer 33

diabetes or develop gestational diabetes, and multiparas.

Question 34

To compare the size of the fetus with the woman’s pelvic capacity, _______________________ can be performed.

Answer 34

pelvimetry or ultrasound

Question 35

If a macrosomic baby is born vaginally, there are high risks for ________________________________ due to shoulder dystocia.

Answer 35

cervical nerve palsy, diaphragmatic injury, or fractured clavicle

Question 36

_________________ occurs during the second stage of labor when the fetal head is born but the shoulders are too broad to enter and be born through the pelvic outlet.

Answer 36

Shoulder dystocia

Question 37

Shoulder dystocia occurs during the ________________ of labor when the fetal head is born but the shoulders are too broad to enter and be born through the pelvic outlet.

Answer 37

second stage

Question 38

Shoulder dystocia usually occurs in women who have

Answer 38

diabetes, in multiparas, and in post-date pregnancies

Question 39

Instruct the woman to flex her thighs sharply on her abdomen to widen the pelvic outlet and allow the anterior shoulder to be born.

Answer 39

McRobert’s Maneuver

Question 40

Applying ________________ can also help the shoulder out from beneath the symphysis pubis.

Answer 40

suprapubic pressure

Question 41

Multiple gestations often result in _______________ on the part of the _____________ fetus, so _____________ is more preferable than normal delivery

Answer 41

fetal anoxia; second; cesarean birth

Question 42

______________________________ mostly occur in women with multiple gestations, so assessment of the _________________________ is necessary.

Answer 42

Anemia and pregnancy-induced hypertension; blood pressure and hematocrit

Question 43

Twin pregnancies usually have ___________ presentations, but in gestations with three or more fetuses, the presentations are varied

Answer 43

vertex

Question 44

_____________ is administered after the birth of the last fetus unlike in singleton pregnancies to avoid compromising the remaining fetuses

Answer 44

Oxytocin

Question 45

If the next fetus does not have a vertex presentation, ___________________ might be attempted to make it vertex or cesarean birth can be performed

Answer 45

external version

Question 46

To shorten the period between births, an ______________ infusion can be started.

Answer 46

oxytocin

Question 47

To relax the uterus, _________________ may be administered.

Answer 47

nitroglycerin

Question 48

Factors that occur with prolapse are a

Answer 48

small fetus, placenta previa, CPD, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), hydramnios, and multiple gestations.

Question 49

However, cord prolapsed is mostly discovered after rupture of the membranes, when the fetal heart rate has a _______________________

Answer 49

variable deceleration

Question 51

The goal in therapeutic management is ___________________________________ which can be achieved by manually ___________________________________ or placing the woman in a __________________________

Answer 51

to relieve cord compression to avoid fetal anoxia; lifting the head of the fetal head off the cord through the vagina; Trendelenburg position.

Question 52

which is the addition of a sterile fluid into the uterus to supplement the amniotic fluid, can be performed just to prevent additional cord compression.

Answer 52

Amnioinfusion

Question 53

is an emergency pregnancy, labor, and delivery complication in which a baby experiences oxygen deprivation (

Answer 53

Fetal distress

Question 54

Signs and Symptoms of Fetal Distress

Answer 54

1. Decreased fetal movement in the womb 2. Abnormal fetal heart rate 3. Abnormal amniotic fluid level 4. Vaginal bleeding 5. Cramping 6. Insufficient or excessive maternal weight gain