Passive Accessory Movements Flashcards
(67 cards)
1
Q
what are PAMs used for?
A
- used to assess and improve joint mobility by targeting the joint’s accessory motions, which are necessary for normal physiological motion
2
Q
what movements are they?
A
- movements that the joint is capable of performing but cannot be actively performed by a patient
3
Q
what are the two PAMs in the talocrural joint? what do they increase?
A
- anteroposterior increases DF
- posteroanterior increases PF
4
Q
what is the starting position of AP and PA glide of the talocrural joint ?
A
- pt in supine with the foot off the plinth
- place a towel just below the ankle joint
5
Q
where is stabilised in the AP/PA glide of talocrural joint?
A
- tibia stabilised just above ankle
6
Q
where is the hand placed in AP talocrural joint glide? what pressure is put onto the foot?
A
- hand as close as possible to joint line with thumb on lateral side
- index finger on medial foot near medial malleolus
- apply downwards pressure in the direction of the index finger
7
Q
where is the hand in the PA glide of the talocrural joint? what is the pressure applied?
A
- palmar aspect placed above talus with thumb on lateral side
- pull in an anterior direction
8
Q
what are the two PAMs in the subtalar joint? what do they increase ?
A
- transverse medial = increases eversion
- transverse lateral= increases inversion
9
Q
what is the starting position of the transverse glides of the subtalar joint?
A
- pt in prone with the foot hanging off the table
- talocrural joint on lifting part
- towel underneath the ankle
10
Q
where is stabilised in the transverse glides of the subtalar joint?
A
- beneath the talus stabilised
11
Q
where is the hand in the transverse medial glide of subtalar joint? where is pressure applied?
A
- hands cups round the calcaneus
- force applied using the fingers in a medial direction
12
Q
where is the hand in the transverse lateral glide of subtalar joint? where is pressure applied?
A
- hand cups the calcaneus
- force applied by middle of hand in a lateral direction
13
Q
what are the two PAMs in the tibiofemoral joint? what do they increase?
A
- Anteroposterior increases flexion
- Posteroanterior increases extension
14
Q
what is the starting positions of the tibiofemoral joint AP/PA glides?
A
- pt in supine with hips flexed to 45 degrees and knees flexed to 90 degrees
15
Q
what is fixated in the AP/PA glide of the tibiofemoral joint? how is it stabilised?
A
- foot is fixated by sitting on top of it
16
Q
how do you do the AP glide on the tibiofemoral joint?
A
- palpate the joint line with your two thumbs
- pull the tibia forwards
17
Q
how do you do the PA glide on the tibiofemoral joint?
A
- palpate the joint line with the two thumbs
- push the tibia backwards
18
Q
what glides can you perform in the patellofemoral joint?
A
- transverse (med)
- transverse (lat)
- longitudinal (caudad)
- longitudinal (cephalad)
19
Q
what is the starting position of the transverse glides of the patellofemoral joint?
A
- pt in supine with fully extended leg
20
Q
what are the hands like in the transverse glides of the patellofemoral joint?
A
- both hands around patella border in a diamond shape
21
Q
how is the medial patellofemoral glide performed?
A
- pushing patella inwards
22
Q
how is the transverse lateral patellofemoral glide performed?
A
- patella pulled outwards
23
Q
what is the starting point of the longitudinal glides of the patellofemoral joint?
A
- pt in supine with legs fully extended
24
Q
what do you do in the longitudinal caudad glide of the patellofemoral joint?
A
- push patella towards the feet
- can use pisiform to apply glide
25
what do you do in the longitudinal cephalad glide of the patellofemoral joint?
- push patella towards head
26
what is the PAM of the hip?
- caudal glide
27
what is the starting position of the caudal glide of the hip?
- pt in supine with extended legs
28
what do you do with the hands in the caudal glide of the hip?
- grab the femur above the knee joint line with both hands underneath
- bring the leg into maximal loose packed position
29
what is the maximal loose packed position of the hip?
- 30 degrees of flexion and abduction
- a little external rotation
30
what movement do you perform in a caudal glide of the hip?
- extend arms
- lean backwards pulling the leg with you
31
what are the three main PAMs of the glenohumeral joint?
- anteroposterior
- posteroanterior
- longitudinal
32
what is the starting position for the AP/PA glides of GHJ?
- pt in supine with the shoulder off of the table
33
how do you fixate in AP/PA glides of GHJ?
- fixate the pt arm with outer hand between your upper arm and body
34
what do you do in the AP glide of GHJ?
- with the inner hand, translate the humerus posteriorly
35
what do you do in the PA glide of the GHJ?
- using the same arm, use the hand to grab onto the humerus in armpit
- with the other hand fixate the coracoid process, scapula and acromion
- translate the humerus anteriorly
36
what is the starting position of a longitudinal glide of the GH joint?
- pt in supine
37
where are the hands in the longitudinal glide of the GH joint?
- one hand fixates arm at the elbow
- other hand grabs onto the humerus/ armpit
38
how do you move in the longitudinal glide of GH joint?
- move the humerus laterally
39
what PAMs can be performed in the acromioclavicular joint?
- AP
- PA
40
what is the starting position of the AP-PA glide of the AC joint?
- pt in sitting with forearm resting on the plinth
- shoulder brought into 20 degrees of abduction
41
where are the hands in the AP-PA glide of AC joint?
- one hand palpates joint line between clavicle and acromion in sagittal plane
- other hand fixates the acromion between thumb and middle finger
- using the other thumb place it against the dorsal lateral part of clavicle & index/ middle finger against ventral lateral part of the clavicle
42
what movement do you perform for the AP-PA glide of the AC joint?
- translate the clavicle ventrally and dorsally
43
what are the two main PAMs at the elbow?
- AP glide radius on humerus
- PA glid radius on humerus
44
what is the starting position of the AP and PA glide of radius on humerus?
- pt starts in sitting with the forearm resting on the plinth
- radio humeral joint taken into its MLPP
45
what is the MLPP of the radiohumeral joint?
- full elbow extension
- forearm supination
46
what do you fixate in the AP and PA glide of the radiohumeral joint?
- fixate the humerus with one hand and palpate the joint line with your thumb
47
what do you remove in the AP glide of the radius on humerus? what can you feel?
- remove all the forearm extensors and dig until dip found (Can be sensitive)
- can feel the head of the radius
48
what direction is the AP glide of the radius on humerus?
- distal and caudal direction of movement
49
what do you need to find in the PA glide of the radius on humerus?
- find the radius with the other hand
50
what pressure is applied and where in the PA glide of radius on humerus?
- using the two thumbs
- give pressure into the direction of your pt chest
51
what are the two main distractions at the elbow joint?
- olecranon on humerus
- radius on humerus
52
what is the starting position of the distraction of the olecranon on humerus?
- pt in supine with legs extended
- ulnar humeral joint in MLPP
53
what is the ulnar humeral joint MLPP?
- 70 degrees of flexion
- 10 degrees of supination
54
where are the hands in the distraction of the olecranon on humerus?
- fixate the humerus with one hand and palpate joint line laterally with your thumb
- other hand grabs onto the ulna
55
what direction is the ulna pulled on in the olecranon on humerus distraction?
- pulled dorsally and distally
56
what is the starting position of the radius on humerus distraction?
- pt in sitting with forearm resting on the plinth and elbow fully extended
- wrist should be in 5 degrees of supination
57
where are the hands in the radius on humerus distraction?
- fixate the humerus with one hand and palpate the joint line with index finger
- grab onto radius proximal to the wrist with the other hand
58
what do you provide in the radius on humerus distraction?
- provide distal traction
59
what are the 4 PAMs of the radiocarpal joint?
- AP
- PA
- lateral
- medial
60
what is the starting position of all 4 of the PAMs at the radiocarpal joint?
- pt in sitting with forearm resting on plinth
61
what is fixated in all the PAMs of the radiocarpal joint?
- distal forearm always fixated
62
where is the other hand in the AP and PA glide of the RC joint?
- other hand should grab the proximal row of the carpal bones
- no gap between hands
63
what direction do you pull in for the AP glide of the RC joint?
- pull the proximal row upwards
64
what direction do you push on in the PA glide of the RC joint?
- push the proximal row downwards
65
where does the other hand go in the lateral and medial glide of the radiocarpal joint?
- moving hand grabs the proximal row of the carpal bones
66
where does the lateral glide of the RC joint move the carpal bones?
- away from the thumb
67
where does the medial glide of the RC joint move the carpal bones?
- moves towards thumb
