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practical- MSK > Passive Physiological Movement > Flashcards

Passive Physiological Movement Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the point of passive range of motion tests?

A
  • looks at movement when the active contractile element is not involved
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2
Q

what does PPM assess?

A
  • natural ROM without actively engaging muscles
  • assesses mobility, flexibility & pain
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3
Q

what are the two movements that can be tested at the talocrural joint?

A
  • plantarflexion
  • dorsiflexion
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4
Q

what are the two movements that can be tested at the subtalar joint?

A
  • inversion
  • eversion
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5
Q

what is the patient position in all passive physiological movements of the ankle?

A
  • pt in supine
  • ankle hanging off the bed
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6
Q

where do the hands go in plantarflexion PPM? what is stabilised?

A
  • stabilise above the malleolus
  • grab the foot at the front below toes
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7
Q

what movement occurs in PF passive movement?

A
  • moves toes towards the ground
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8
Q

where do the hands go in dorsiflexion PPM? what is stabilised?

A
  • fixate above the malleolus
  • grab onto the foot behind calcaneus with the foot resting on your forearm
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9
Q

what movement occurs in dorsiflexion PPM?

A
  • bring toes up towards them/ ceiling
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10
Q

what are the hands doing in eversion PPM? what is fixated?

A
  • fixate the tibia
  • grab the foot from the outside
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11
Q

what movement occurs in inversion PPM?

A
  • move the foot inwards to the other foot
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12
Q

where are the hands in eversion PPM? what is fixated?

A
  • tibia fixated
  • grab the foot in the inside
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13
Q

what movement occurs in eversion PPM?

A
  • move the foot outwards
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14
Q

what are the four movements that occur at the tibiofemoral joint?

A
  • flexion
  • extension
  • internal rotation
  • external rotation
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15
Q

what is the pt position for knee flexion and extension PPM?

A
  • Pt in supine with both legs extended
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16
Q

where are the hands in knee flexion PPM? what is fixated?

A
  • fixate the femur above the patella with one hand
  • grab onto the leg above the ankle and palpate the joint line with the other hand
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17
Q

what movement occurs in knee flexion PPM?

A
  • bring the foot as close to the buttocks as possible
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18
Q

what is the normal end feel of knee flexion?

A
  • tissue approximation
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19
Q

where are the hands in knee extension PPM? what is fixated?

A
  • fixate the femur above the patella with one hand
  • other hand should grab onto the leg above the ankle with fingers underneath leg
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20
Q

what movement occurs in knee extension PPM?

A
  • instructed to push down into the plinth
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21
Q

what is the normal end feel of knee extension PPM?

A
  • tissue stretch
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22
Q

what is the normal pt position for knee internal and external rotation?

A
  • pt in supine
  • knee in maximally loosed packed position
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23
Q

what is MLPP of the knee? how is this achieved in IR/ER PPM?

A
  • maximally loosed packed position is 25 degrees of flexion
  • cushion placed under the knee joint
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24
Q

where are the hands in internal and external rotation of the knee? what is stabilised?

A
  • stabilise the underneath of the femur above the knee with one hand (lift it into flexion)
  • other hand wraps around the ankle joint
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25
what movement occurs for IR vs ER PPM?
IR= move leg out - move foot in ER= move leg in - move foot out
26
what is the normal end feel for IR and ER of the knee?
- tissue stretch
27
what are the 6 movements of the hip?
- flexion - extension - abduction - adduction - ER - IR
28
what position is the pt in for flexion PPM? what is instructed before?
- pt starts in supine - pt instructed to relax
29
what do the arms do in hip flexion PPM?
- grab the leg with one arm below the knee and the other wrapped around the ankle
30
what movement occurs in hip flexion PPM?
- bring the leg as close to the chest as possible
31
what position is the pt in for hip extension PPM?
- prone position
32
where are the hands in hip extension PPM? what is fixated?
- ischial tuberosity fixated - grab the leg by coming over the body and wrap the hand underneath above the knee joint
33
what movement occurs in hip extension?
- instructed to lift the leg up
34
what position is the pt in for hip adduction?
- supine condition - cross one leg over the other - one underneath is the one being tested
35
where are the hands during hip adduction PPM? what is fixated?
- fixate opposite iliac crest - other hand grabs the ankle on the underneath side
36
what movement occurs in hip adduction PPM?
- leg is moved into midline as far as possible
37
what position is the pt in for hip abduction PPM?
- pt in a supine position - legs extended - prevents rotation
38
where are the hands in hip abduction PPM?
- one hand fixates the opposite iliac crest - other hand supports the leg below the knee/ above ankle joint
39
what movement occurs in abduction PPM?
- move the leg out
40
what position does the pt start in for both lateral and medial rotation?
- pt in supine - hip flexed to 90 degrees and knee flexed to 90
41
where are the hands in hip lateral rotation?
- one hand on medial thigh above the knee - other wrapped around the underneath of the ankle
42
what movement occurs in hip lateral rotation PPM?
- bring the heel inwards
43
where are the hands in hip medial rotation PPM?
- leg grabbed using one hand on lateral thigh above knee - other wrapped around the underneath of the ankle
44
what movement occurs in medial rotation PPM?
- bring the heel outwards
45
what are the 8 shoulder PPM movements?
- flexion - extension - abduction - adduction - horizontal adduction - horizontal abduction - external rotation - internal rotation
46
what is the starting position of GHJ flexion PPM? what is the normal angle reached?
- start in supine - 90 degrees
47
where are the hands in shoulder flexion PPM?
- one hand around the wrist - other hand goes underneath the ankle
48
what stance do you use in shoulder flexion PPM and why?
- lunge stance - push the arm into flexion - rest pt arm on body
49
what movement occurs during flexion PPM? what happens if you let go of the fixation point?
- move the arm into forward flexion (limited to 90 degrees before clavicle moves) - if you let go of the clavicle it can go up to 180 degrees of flexion
50
what is the starting position of shoulder extension? what is the normal angle?
- in supine - 60 degrees
51
where are the hands in shoulder extension PPM?
- one hand stabilises the scapula and clavicle - other hand grasps the arm just above the elbow from the outside
52
what movement occurs in shoulder extension?
- arm pulled back into extension
53
what is the starting position of shoulder abduction? what is the normal angle?
- pt starts in siting - 90 degrees
54
where are the hands in shoulder abduction PPM?
- one hand fixates the scapula and clavicle - other hand just above the elbow wrapped underneath
55
what movement occurs during shoulder abduction? what happens if you go further than 90 degrees?
- bring the arm up - elbow flexed - need to externally rotate to reach the end range
56
what is the starting position for abduction?
- supine and towards the side of the plinth where the therapist is - pt must be relaxed - slight abduction with 90 degree elbow flexion
57
where are the hands for shoulder abduction?
- one hand on the anterior aspect of the shoulder joint - other hand cradling the elbow - pt can rest their arm on the therapist's body
58
what is the movement in shoulder abduction?
- therapist walks with feet and brings the arm with them
59
what is the normal shoulder abduction end feel?
- firm end feel
60
how do you do horizontal shoulder abduction?
- in supine - abduct the patients arm to 90 degrees and bring it into horizontal abduction
61
what is the normal angle for shoulder horizontal abduction?
- 15 degrees
62
how do you do horizontal shoulder adduction?
- pt in supine with arm in 90 degrees of flexion - support the arm with your hand above the elbow and bring the arm towards midline of body
63
what is the normal angle for horizontal adduction?
- 20 degrees GHJ - 40 degrees combined
64
what is the pt starting position for shoulder internal and external rotation?
- in supine - start in 90 degrees abduction (one hand on elbow and one hand on wrist)
65
where are the hands in shoulder external rotation?
- one hand cupped under the elbow on medial side - other hand wraps around the wrist
66
what movement do you do in shoulder external rotation? what is the normal angle?
- slowly glide arm down - 100 degrees
67
where are the hands placed in shoulder internal rotation?
- one hand cups the elbow more laterally - other hand wraps around the wrist laterally to be able to push arm down towards the body
68
what is the normal range for shoulder internal rotation ?
- 70 degrees
69
what is the normal end feel of shoulder rotation?
- elastic end feel
70
what are the four movements that occur at the elbow?
- flexion - extension - supination - pronation
71
how is the pt positioned in elbow flexion and extension?
- in sitting
72
where are the hands in elbow flexion? what is fixated?
- one hand stabilises the underneath above the elbow - other pushes radius (below wrist)
73
what is the normal end feel for elbow flexion?
- tissue approximation
74
where are the hands in elbow extension? what is fixated?
- one hand stabilises underneath above the elbow - other is above the ankle joint
75
what is the normal elbow extension end feel?
- bone to bone
76
what is the starting position of supination and pronation PPM?
- pt in sitting with elbow flexed to 90 degrees
77
where are the hands in supination PPM? what is stabilised?
- one hand stabilises the elbow - the other is just below the wrist causing movement
78
what is the normal supination end feel?
- tissue stretch
79
where are the hands placed in pronation PPM?
- one hand on underneath of elbow - other hand wrapped around wrist
80
what is the normal pronation end feel?
- tissue stretch
81
what is the difference between supination and pronation?
- in supination the wrist is rotated laterally - in pronation the wrist is rotated medially
82
what are the four movements at the wrist?
- flexion - extension - radial deviation - ulnar deviation
83
what is the starting position of wrist flexion and extension PPM?
- pt in sitting with forearm resting on the plinth - elbow slightly flexed and propped up with the forearm in supination
84
where are the hands in wrist flexion PPM? what is fixated?
- forearm fixated with one hand on anterior aspect below wrist - other hand on the carpals
85
what movement occurs in wrist flexion PPM? what is the normal angle?
- wrist comes forward towards pt - 74 to 77 degrees
86
where are the hands in wrist extension? what is fixated?
- forearm fixated - other hand pushes down on palmar aspect of the hand
87
what movement occurs in wrist extension? what is the normal angle?
- wrist comes forwards away from the body - 64 to 68 degrees
88
what is the starting position of the pt for radial and ulnar deviation?
- pt in sitting -pronated forearm flat on the bench
89
where are the hands in radial deviation? what is fixated?
- distal forearm on anterior aspect is fixated (hand wraps around wrist) - metacarpals grabbed from ulnar side
90
what movement occurs during radial deviation? what is the normal angle?
- towards the thumb - 17 to 19 degrees
91
where are the hands in ulnar deviation PPM? what is fixated?
- fixate the distal forearm on the anterior aspect (wrap around below wrist) - grab the metacarpals from radial side
92
what movement occurs during ulnar deviation? what is the normal angle?
- move hand towards pinkie - 30 to 32 degrees

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