Passive Care Flashcards
(161 cards)
1
Q
Contras to all modalities
A
Hemorrhage
Infection w/ suppuration
Malignancy (except TENs)
2
Q
Contras to all heating
A
DM Encapsulated swellings Active TB Decrease thermal sensations Edema Abdomen or LB during pregnancy Acute conditions
3
Q
Acute =
A
Up to 72 hrs
4
Q
Subacute =
A
Swelling limited but debris and discoloration prevents healing
5
Q
During subacute, ____ in beneficial
A
Pumping
6
Q
Chronic =
A
2 wks longer than anticipated
7
Q
Contras to all electrical
A
Brain Eyes Heart Carotid sinuses Pacemaker Anesthesia Pregnancy LB Open wounds
8
Q
PRICES
A
Protect Rest Ice Compression Elevate Support
9
Q
Ultra low frequency causes
A
cellular healing
10
Q
low frequency causes
A
contraction
11
Q
medium frequency causes
A
depth
12
Q
high frequency causes
A
heat
13
Q
MENS is a _____ frequency
A
ultra low
14
Q
Low frequency therapies
A
EMS High Volt LVG Sine Faradic Interference (IF & RS) TENS
15
Q
Medium frequency therapies
A
IF (4,000)
RS (2,000)
16
Q
High frequency therapies
A
Superficial heat (IR and UV) Deep heat (MWD, SWD, US)
17
Q
Sine, Faradic, and Interferential waves are all ______ current and the polarity is
A
AC or Biphasic
no polarity
18
Q
Galvanic and high volt waves are __ current and there __ polarity
A
DC/ Monophasic
there is polarity
19
Q
Electrothermal
A
micro-vibration that leads to HEAT (Joule’s law)
20
Q
Electrochemical
A
(ionto and opioids) Iontophoresis is DC current
21
Q
Electrophysical
A
ions push other molecules around shifting the Na+/K+ pump resulting in contraction (kinetic)
22
Q
increase frequency
A
deeper penetration
23
Q
medium frequency
A
decreased skin impedance
24
Q
if the dispersal pad is too small or active sides are too large
A
it causes a tingle
25
Duty cycle for exercise/ rehab
1:3 or 1:5
| a weaker muscle needs more rest (1:5)
26
surge for exercise/ rehab
increased ramp time
27
duty cycle for fatigue/ spasm
1:1 and its pulsed/ tetanizing
28
Modulation is used to
avoid accommodation
29
Endorphin frequencies
1-20
30
Enkephalin frequencies
70-150
31
What burns the patient
Amps
32
EMG
used to test MUSCLE best
33
NCV
used to test NERVE best
34
Arndt-Schultz principle
energy of modality has to be absorbed by the body to stimulate physiological response
35
Law of Grotthus- Draper
inverse relationship between penetration and absorption of energy (Ultra Sound)
36
CBAN
Cold
Burn
Ache
Numb
37
Hunting-Lewis Reaction
not the desired "pumping"... goes from vasodilation to vasoconstriction off and on when iced for too long
38
Warm treatment temperatures
96-99
39
Hot treatment temperatures
99-104
40
Convection
transmission of heat by circulation of heat particles
41
baths and IR
convection
42
Radiation
transmission of heat without the intervening medium getting warm
43
MWD, IR, UV
through lamps, radiation
44
Conduction
transfer heat through a substance
45
Ice, hydrocollator, paraffin, IR
conduction
46
The only modality that uses conversion
ultrasound
47
Deep heat
MWD, SWD
48
Superficial heat
IR, UV, continuous US
49
modality for spasm
heat
50
modality for spasticity
cold
51
cryotherapy primary effect
decreases edema
52
Indications for cryotherapy
headaches (migraines)
| spasticity- MFS (trigger points)
53
Contraindications for cryotherapy
chilblains and frostbite
tension headaches
spasm- FM
54
ice immersion (or bath) is
CONVECTION
| - all other icing is conduction
55
how many towel layers need to be used with hydrocollator packs
6 layers
56
Hydrocollator temperature
150-170
57
Paraffin temperature
125-130
58
indications of hydrocollator
tension headaches, prior to adjustments, spasm (FibroMyalgia)
59
Contrast bath
convection
60
Indications for contrast bath
raynaud's, Buerger's, subacute
61
Whirlpool bath
used for debridement at 100-105 degrees.
62
SITZ bath
2-10 minutes. Temperature is 105-115 so it can burn faster
63
Paraffin ratio
7:1 paraffin to mineral oil
64
Purpose of mineral oil in paraffin
Lower boiling temp
65
Fluidotherapy is ___ and uses ___
Convection
Dry cellulose
66
Indications for fluidotherapy
Chronic arthritis
Increase ROM
RSDS/ CRPS
Open wounds
67
Photobiomodulation
Intracellular stimulation of mitochondrial activity
68
Photo bio stimulation
Wound healing
69
Photobioinhibition
Pain management
70
Contra to cold laser
Open growth plates ***
Recent scars
71
Irreversible effects of cold laser
Protein coagulation
72
Safety for cold laser
Both pt and dr wear goggles
73
Action of UV
Thermal
Photochemical
Germicidal
Antifungal
74
Results of UV
Increase Vit D synthesis
| Increase reticulocytes
75
Indications for UV
Skin (fungal, wounds, psoriasis)
Bone (rickets, osteomalacia)
76
Contras to UV
HIM
Tetracycline
SLE (malar rash)
77
Safety of UV
Only pt wears goggles
78
Max UV treatment
3 min at 18 in
79
Diathermy safety
Unit must be 10 ft away from electrical modality
Treatment must be 4 ft from hearing aids, any metal on pt
80
Indications for SWD
Bronchitis
Neuritis
Otitis media
81
Indications for MWD
Otitis externa
Best for hip conditions
Neuritis
82
Contras to both diathermy
Any metal
83
Longitudinal condensor in SWD used for
Biceps/ triceps
84
Coplanar condensor in SWD used for
Paraspinals
85
Transverse condensor in SWD used for
Joints
86
SWD heats __ first
Fat
87
MWD heats __ first
Muscles
88
Result of US
Micro massage
89
Contra to US
Over spinal cord (including laminectomy)
Over epiphyseal growth plates
Bony prominences
Fx
90
Duration of US
Acute = 3-5 min
Chronic = 5-10 min
91
Best coupling agent for US
Water
92
US distance from skin
1 in
93
US measured in
W/Cm2
94
Thin skin for US generally means
Sacrum
SI
Upper extremity
Knee
95
__ is used when US massage is desired without heat
Pulsed
96
Cavitation and shearing are ___ when using US
Bad
97
US depth
1 MHz = less heat more depth
3 MHz = more heat less depth
98
Is low volt a good contractor?
No
99
Is low volt a good electrochemical pusher
Yes
100
Anode in LV acts like
Ice
101
Cathode in LV acts like
Heat
102
Acute positive pole in LV actions
```
Vasoconstriction
Acid reaction in skin
Repel alkaline
Attract O2
Repel H
Cause ischemia
Hardens tissue
Pain relief
Astringent
```
103
Positive pole used for __ conditions
Acute
104
Negative pole used for __ conditions
Chronic
105
Positive pole in LV repels
Metals
Mg
Ca
Cu
Zn
106
Negative pole in LV repels
Non metals
Salicylate
Acetate
107
High volt used in acute and subacute injuries to
Reduce edema, pain, spasms
| Reduce muscle atrophy
108
Frequency actions of high volt
3-5 edema
15-25 muscle exercise
> 50 fatigue
109
Continuous mode of HV beneficial for
Edema
Pain
Neuritis
110
Reciprocal mode of HV limits
Accommodation
111
HV modes for acute conditions
Continuous
| Reciprocal
112
Indications for sine waves
Hysterical paralysis
Muscle tension
UMNL with LMN intact
113
Indications for faradic waves
Stimulating weak or paralyzed muscles 1:5 duty cycle
| Electrodiagnosis (rxn of degeneration)
114
Result of TENS
Pain control
| Some contraction
115
A beta Nerve
Size:
Speed:
Job:
Large
Fastest
Proprio
116
A delta nerve
Size:
Speed:
Job:
Small
Fast
Sharp pain
117
C nerve
Size:
Speed:
Job:
Small
Slow
Dull pain
118
Primary effect of MENS
Tissue healing
119
MENS current ____ electrical flow
Reverses
120
MENS causes ___ contraction of muscle
Non
121
MENS generally increases things, but the one thing it decreases
Prostaglandins and decrease pain
122
MENS pads are over
Involved site
123
Result of interferential
Deep muscle contraction
Fatigue
Edema reduction
Pain control
124
Sweeping/ sensory of IF bone by
Machine
125
Vectoring/ motor of IF
Increases treatment area
Done by dr
126
IF
Muscle strengthening duty cycle
1 on : 5 off
127
IF
Muscle spasm duty ratio
1:1
128
Myofascial dysfunction cause of
Neurological irritability
129
Trigger points definition
Small regions of metabolic distress caused by combo of increased energy demand and impairment of oxygen and energy supply due to local restriction of circulation
130
Biofeedback used to modulate
Autonomic functions
131
Indications for biofeedback
```
HTN
Migraines
Stress
ADD
Incontinence
```
132
Philadelphia collar used for
ER transport
133
Soft foam collar limited
Stabilization
134
Milwaukee brace is for the ____ region and used for
Thoracolumbosacral
Scoliosis
135
Boston brace used for
Juvenile scoliosis
136
Lumbosacral corset used for
Spondylolisthesis , L/S disc
137
SI belt/ Williams used for
SI dysfunction
138
Intertrochanteric girdle used for
Hip lesions
Wider = more successful
139
Cho pat brace used for
Chondromalacia patella
140
Parts of gait
STANCE
- heel strike
- mid stance
- toe off
SWING
- acceleration
- mid swing
- deceleration
141
Cane should be on what side
Opposite involved side
142
Most stable gait
```
4 pt (both legs weak)
3 stable points at all times
```
143
Fastest gait
Swing through
144
Crutch fitting rules
6” lateral, 2 fingers below axilla, 6” in front of feet
145
Crutch palsy effects what nerve
Radial N
146
Effleurage
Method and purpose
Stroking
Sedate
147
Petrissage
Method and purpose
Deep kneading
Spasm
148
Tapotement
Method and purpose
Percussion
Congestion
149
Friction TFM
Method and purpose
Deep rubbing POWDER
Adhesion -> lateral epicondylitis
150
Vibration
Method and purpose
Shaking
Congestion
151
Deep pressure
Method and purpose
Nimmo
Adhesion, trigger points
152
Vibration therapy used for
Congestion
153
Result of traction
Decrease intra-discal pressure
154
Indications for traction
Acute and chronic disc syndromes
Chronic IVF encroachment
DJD
Chronic muscle spasms
155
Contra to traction
Protective muscle spasms
156
Cervical traction dosage
Min of 10 lbs
| Max of 30-50 lbs
157
Position of C traction
C3-6 flexion 20-28 degrees
C0-2 natural
158
Dosage of lumbar traction
Min of 25%
| Max of 50% or 120 lbs
159
Contra to inversion traction
High BP
Stoke
DM
160
With over the door C traction, make sure to
Face door with 28 degrees of C flexion
161
Hydrotherapy traction may be helpful for
Elderly
