Passive Immunity

Question 1

passive immunity

Answer 1

transfer of PRE-formed immune components from 1 individual to another

Question 2

Passive immunity time farm of effectiveness

Answer 2

effective immediately for antibody function, does not take several weeks/months like active immunization

Question 3

Passive immunity in treating toxins

Answer 3

non-immunized patient with high levels of toxins (tetanus, diphtheria, snake or scorpion venom) can respond immediately

Question 4

When would you use passive immunity?

Answer 4

high levels of toxins in non-immunized patient, exposure to infected individual, suppression of immune response

Question 5

Serum therapy

Answer 5

giving serum of a recovered patient (measles) to a child who had been exposed but had not yet developed the disease, prevented the disease formation

Question 6

Immunoglobulin

Answer 6

describes the fraction of serum protein gamma globulins that possess antibody reactivity

Question 7

Polyclonal antibodies are derived from

Answer 7

a host that had been immunized or recovered from an infection

Question 8

How would one concentrate the antibodies?

Answer 8

precipitate gamma globulin fraction using EtOH and ammonium sulfate, lyophilize and reconstitute

Question 9

Human Immune Globulin (HISG)

Answer 9

gamma globulin fraction concentrate, stable and rapid Ab levels in blood, administered IM or IV.

Question 10

HISG used for

Answer 10

Hep A (pre- and post- exposure), Measles (post-), Hypogammaglobulinemia, IGIV for immunocompromised

Question 11

Placental immune serum globulin

Answer 11

enriched source of Ig

Question 12

Specific Human Immune Globulin (SHIG)

Answer 12

Donors have specific antibodies due to previous infection or immunization

Question 13

SHIG - Rho (D) Immune Globulin (RhoGAM)

Answer 13

prevention of erythroblastosis fetalis

Question 14

SHIG - Varicella-zoster immune serum globulin (VZIG)

Answer 14

immunosuppressed individuals and non-immune pregnant females and infants following exposure

Question 15

SHIG - Hepatits B (HBIG)

Answer 15

following exposure

Question 16

SHIG - Human diphtheria immune globulin (DIG)

Answer 16

post-exposure

Question 17

SHIG - human rabies immune globulin (HRIG)

Answer 17

post-exposure

Question 18

Human CMV - IGIV

Answer 18

prophylaxis for CMV infections in transplant recipients

Question 19

Contraindications for polyclonal antibody preps

Answer 19

IgA deficient patients may produce anaphylaxis, expensive, IM preps given IV cause anaphylaxis

Question 20

Preparation of monoclonal antibody

Answer 20

mouse myeloma cell + mouse spleen-derived cell = cell capable of producing a single isotope with a specific antigen epitope quickly

Question 21

Disadvantages to monoclonal antibodies

Answer 21

very expensive, mouse origin causing serum sickness or immediate hypersensitivity to MoAb antigen.

Question 22

Advantages to monoclonal antibodies

Answer 22

100% of volume is specific for the targeted antigen

Question 23

MoAb in therapy

Answer 23

respiratory syncytial virus specific for at trick newborns, breast cancer target, detection of cancer metastases, anti-CD3 for allograft rejection prevention, block autoimmune or hypersensitivity, target specific cancer antigens, diabetes mellitus, neutralize cytokines, complement pathway activation

Question 24

anti-cd3 MoAb

Answer 24

monoclonal antibody to specific lymphocyte receptors to prevent allograft rejection, treat diabetes mellitus

Question 25

Anti-IgE MoAb

Answer 25

prevent hypersensitivities

Question 26

glycoprotein alpha-4 integrin MoAb

Answer 26

prevents migration of T cells to tissues, treats Crohn's, MS

Question 27

IL-2R MoAb MoAb

Answer 27

blocks IL-2R and prevents allograft rejection

Question 28

Anti-ErbB-2 MoAb

Answer 28

attaches to HERs cancer cells

Question 29

TNF-alpha MoAb

Answer 29

treats RA, psoriasis, Crohn's, ulcerative colitis, neutralizes the effects of TNF-alpha

Question 30

CD-20 MoAb

Answer 30

target CD-20 on small tumors and metastases for detection with radioisotopes

Question 31

Palivizumab (Synagis)

Answer 31

respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis MoAb

Question 32

Trastuzumab (herceptin)

Answer 32

anti-ErbB-2 targeting HER2 cancer cells, causes opsonization, complement activation, ADCC

Question 33

Muromonab-CD3

Answer 33

allograft rejection prevention

Question 34

Daclizumab (zenapax)

Answer 34

allograft rejection prevention, blocking IL-2

Question 35

Omalizumab (Xolair)

Answer 35

anti-IgE for severe allergies

Question 36

Ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin)

Answer 36

target CD-20 on small tumors and metastases for detection with radioisotopes

Question 37

How does MAB against RSV work?

Answer 37

opsonize virus particles, ADCC, and classical complement activation

Question 38

How does MAB against TNF-alpha work?

Answer 38

neutralization