passmed

Question 1

difference between orbial and preseptal cellulitis

Answer 1

reduced visual acuity
proptosis
ophthalmoplegia/pain with eye movements

Question 2

IX for orbital cellulitis

Answer 2

Full blood count – WBC elevated, raised inflammatory markers.
Clinical examination involving complete ophthalmological assessment – Decreased vision, afferent pupillary defect, proptosis, dysmotility, oedema, erythema.
CT with contrast – Inflammation of the orbital tissues deep to the septum, sinusitis.
Blood culture and microbiological swab to determine the organism. Most common bacterial causes – Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae B.

Question 3

sx horners syndrome

Answer 3

miosis (small pupil)
ptosis
enophthalmos* (sunken eye)
anhidrosis (loss of sweating one side)

Question 4

what is horners syndrome determines site of the lesion

Answer 4

Horner’s syndrome - anhydrosis determines site of lesion:
head, arm, trunk = central lesion: stroke, syringomyelia
just face = pre-ganglionic lesion: Pancoast’s, cervical rib
absent = post-ganglionic lesion: carotid artery

Question 5

Slit lamp examination reveals red blood cells in the anterior vitreous
what is underlying cause

Answer 5

diabetic retinopahy msot common cuase of vitreous haemorrhage

Question 6

Orbital cellulitis differentiated from preseptal cellulitis by presence of:

Answer 6

reduced visual acuity
proptosis
pain with eye movements

Question 7

treatment for orbital cellulitits

Answer 7

IV ceftoxamine

Question 8

In diabetic retinopathy, cotton wool spots represent what

Answer 8

areas of retinal infarction

Question 9

Blunt ocular trauma with associated hyphema is a high-risk scenario of raised intraocular pressure

Answer 9

glaucoma