Past Paper Q Flashcards

(19 cards)

1
Q

Which of following not part of inflammatory response ? Vasodilation , release of histamine, production of antibodies , increased capillary permeability

A

Production of antibodies

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2
Q

Which stimulates the division of lymphocytes ?

A

The binding of antigens to receptors on the cell membrane

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3
Q

Two groups were used carrying out clinical trial of vaccine . One group was given vaccine the other group was given a placebo(what was the purpose of the placebo was ?)

A

Ensure a vaild comparison can be made

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4
Q

What is differentiation ?

A

Explanation - only the genes characteristic for that cell are expressed

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5
Q

Describe one ethical consideration that might have influenced this descion to use stem cells ?

A

Is is right to use embryos to extract stem cells ?

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6
Q

Where does translation take place ?

A

Ribosome

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7
Q

Explain why the primary mRNA transcript is so much shorter than chromosomal Dna ?

A

Only one gene is transcribed or the primary mrna only codes for one protein

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8
Q

Explain energy investment phase ? & explain energy pay off phase ?

A

Energy investment - atp molecules are broken down or phosphorylation addition of phosphate to glucose occurs energy pay off- atp molecules are produced

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9
Q

What does creatine phosphate do for a sprinter ?

A

Creatine phosphate releases energy at a fast rate for a short period of time

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10
Q

Describe how the presence of the muscle tissue in the artery wall helps to control the flow of blood around the body ?

A

It can vasoconstriction to reduce blood flow to some areas or it can vasodilate to increase blood flow to some areas

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11
Q

Describe how an atheroma forming under enothelium may lead to formation of a blood clot & stay possible effects ?

A

Endothelium is damaged , clotting factors are released , prothrombin is converted to its active form to thrombin , fibrinogen is converted into fibrin by thrombin , fibrin threads form a mesh work that deals wound , thrombus is formed may break loose forming an embolus which leads to stroke or heart attack

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12
Q

Explain why two figures are given for a blood pressure reading ?

A

The first figure is systolic blood and second figure is diastolic blood pressure

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13
Q

Explain link between high blood pressure and build up of tissue fluid ?

A

Lymph vessels cannot reabsorb all the excess tissue fluid

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14
Q

Describe the role of insulin in the development of type 1 & type 2 diabetes ?

A

Type 1 - insulin is not produced so blood glucose concentration cannot be controlled type 2- insulin is produced but cells have fewer insulin receptors

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15
Q

Suggest how a student can adapt the investigation to demonstrate social facilitation ?

A

Repeat the investigation in front of an audience as a competition

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16
Q

Explain what is meant by the term herd immunity ?

A

A large percentage of the the population is immunised this means that there is a very low chance that non immune individuals will come in contact with infected individuals

17
Q

What is community responsibility ?

A

Clean water sepreate water from sewage , vector control

18
Q

Hiv infection ?

A

Hiv attacks lymphocytes reducing the ability of the immune system to respond to the bacterial infection

19
Q

The transformation of info into a form that memory can accept is called ?