past papers

Question 1

ADH controls which water channel?

Answer 1

aquaporin 2

Question 2

width of filtration slit?

Answer 2

25nm

Question 3

layers of GFB

Answer 3

podocytes foot process
basement membrane
endothelial cell
glycocalyx coat

Question 4

arterial supply of ureter?

Answer 4

renal artery
gonadal artery
abdominal aorta
superior vesical
inferior vesical
vaginal
middle rectal
uterine
internal iliac
common iliac

Question 5

renal blood flow is how much of cardiac output

Answer 5

22%

Question 6

what is duct of bellini

Answer 6

papillary collecting duct

Question 7

which nerve supplies external urethral sphincters

Answer 7

pudendal nerve which is the somatic voluntary supply

Question 8

part of renal tubule which is longest

Answer 8

PCT

Question 9

epithelial lining of PCT

Answer 9

tall cuboidal epithelium

brush border

Question 10

epithelial lining of loop of henle

Answer 10

squamous epithelium

Question 11

epithelial lining of DCT

Answer 11

cuboidal with v few microvilli

Question 12

epithelial lining of collecting duct

Answer 12

cuboidal or columnar

Question 13

target area of ADH and Aldosterone

Answer 13

late Distal tubule and

collecting duct

Question 14

which nerve supply detrusor muscle

Answer 14

Sympathetic - hypogastric nerve (T10-L2) Parasympathetic - pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-4)

Question 15

function of sympathetic supply in urination?

Answer 15

store urine by causing contraction of sphinchter and relaxation of detrusor muscle

Question 16

function of ANP?

Answer 16

increase sodium excretion and GFR to antagonize renal vasoconstriction

Question 17

which node is involved in lymphatic drainage of kidneys?

Answer 17

para-aortic lymph node

Question 18

kidney lies at what vertebral level?

Answer 18

t12 to L3

Question 19

blood flow to nephrons

Answer 19

renal artery
segmental artery
interlobar artery
arcuate artery
interlobular artery
afferent arteriole

Question 20

difference between peritubular capillaries and vasa recta

Answer 20

vasa recta are just like capillaries of juxtamedullary nephron while peritubular capillaries are of cortical nephron

Question 21

which of the following is deficient in SCID

Answer 21

adenosine deaminase

Question 22

which part of kidney can not have stones

Answer 22

nephrons

Question 23

osmolality?

Answer 23

moles per kg

Question 24

most reliable diagnostic test for urolithiasis

Answer 24

CT scan

Question 25

which aa donates Nitrogen in both purine and pyrimidine pathway

Answer 25

glutamine

Question 26

normal osmolarity of urine?

Answer 26

500

Question 27

deamination of cytosine forms?

Answer 27

uracil

Question 28

blunted calyces flattened papillae corticomedullary scars are features of?

Answer 28

chronic pyelonephritis

Question 29

what is staghorn calculi

Answer 29

Staghorn calculi are complex renal stones that occupy the majority of the renal collecting system - present with infection - can have hematuria - can have flank pain - comprimises of magnesium ammonium phosphate

Question 30

content of renal hilum from ant to post

Answer 30

renal vein renal artery renal pelvic

Question 31

effect of sympathetic supply on kidneys

Answer 31

increased afferent arteriolar constriction which decreases GFR

Question 32

in which organ de novo synthesis of purine occurs

Answer 32

kidney liver muscle

Question 33

most common radio opaque stone?

Answer 33

calcium oxalate

Question 34

most common radiolucent stone?

Answer 34

uric acid stone

Question 35

how much uric acid secreted in urine each day

Answer 35

250-750mg

Question 36

what is required for creatine clearence test

Answer 36

24hr urine and serum

Question 37

best buffer for physiological pH maintenance

Answer 37

bicarbonate ion

Question 38

hypoxanthine to xanthine?

Answer 38

xanthine oxidase

Question 39

inosine monophosphate to adenosine monophosphate?

Answer 39

aspartate

Question 40

nitrite in urine?

Answer 40

UTI

Question 41

deficient enzyme in lesch nyan syndrome

Answer 41

HGPRT enzyme

Question 42

which test detect blood in urine

Answer 42

benzidine test

Question 43

% of water in body

Answer 43

70

Question 44

in which condition glutaminase activity of kidney increases

Answer 44

acidosis

Question 45

what gives rise to trigone of bladder?

Answer 45

mesonephric duct

Question 46

normal value of GFR

Answer 46

125ml/min

Question 47

net filtration pressure

Answer 47

10mm/Hg

Question 48

what is medullary sponge disease

Answer 48

Medullary sponge kidney (MSK) is a congenital disorder, meaning it is present at birth. MSK occurs when small cysts (sacs) form either on tiny tubes within the kidney (known as tubules) or the collecting ducts (a channel where urine is collected for removal

Question 49

what is autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease?

Answer 49

Autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD) is a recently defined entity that includes rare kidney diseases characterized by tubular damage and interstitial fibrosis in the absence of glomerular lesions, with inescapable progression to end-stage renal disease

Question 50

which of the following crystal is deposited in gout

Answer 50

monosodium urate and monohydrate urate

Question 51

common side effect of hemodialysis is?

Answer 51

hypotension

Question 52

reason for hypocalcemia in chronic renal failure

Answer 52

increased serum phosphorus and decreased renal production of 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D

Question 53

where is the micturition reflex located?

Answer 53

rostral pontine tegmentum

Question 54

function of ATP

Answer 54

increase water and Na excretion by 1. dilating afferent arteriole 2. decreasing Na reabsorption in collecting duct

Question 55

osmolarity of filtrate?

Answer 55

300mOsm/l

Question 56

how much water present in ECF

Answer 56

14L