Past, Present And Future Flashcards
What is cell theory?
All tissue are composed of microscopic units called cells
What are the five levels of analysis for neuroscience?
- Molecular
- Cellular
- Systems
- Behavioural
- Cognitive
What is involved in molecular neuroscience?
Study of brain at most elementary level
The role of molecules and their functions
- messengers allowing neurons to communicate
- controlling material that enters or leaves
-conductors of neural growth
- archivists of past history
What is cellular neuroscience?
Studying molecules working together
- neuron varieties
-differ in function
- neurons influencing neurons
- developmental growth
Explain systems neuroscience?
Collections of neurons
- visual systems
- motor systems
Study how different neural circuits analyse sensory information, form perceptions of external world, and execute movement
What is behavioural neuroscience?
How do neural systems work together to produce integrated behaviour?
- different forms of memory accounted for by different systems
- where in the brain do mind altering drugs act?
- where are dreams created and what do they reveal
What is cognitive neuroscience?
Neural mechanisms responsible for higher levels of human mental activity
- self awareness
- imagination
- language
How activity of the brain creates the mind
What are the 3 Rs for moral responsibilities in animal ethics?
Replacement - do you have to use an animal
Reduction - minimum number of animals required but still achieving quality results
Refinement - minimisation of pain and distress
Describe the dorsal and ventral roots of the spinal cord.
Dorsal root: enters toward back back of spinal cord. Carry sensory information into the spinal cord
Ventral roots: enters towards the front and contains motor fibres
Explain the fluid-mechanical theory of brain function
Fluid forced out of the ventricles through nerves will pump you up and cause the movement of limbs
What were Hippocrates thoughts on the brain?
Brain is the organ of sensation and the seat of intelligence
460- 379 B.C.E
What were the views of Galen of the brain?
3 distinct areas
- cerebrum (receives sensation)
- cerebellum (command muscle)
- ventricles (movement of fluid)
What did Charles Bell believe about the function of the cerebellum and cerebrum?
Cerebellum: origin of motor fibres
Cerebrum: destination of sensory fibres
Which philosopher came up with the mind-brain problem and explain what it is?
Rene Descartes
Mind is a spiritual entity that receives sensations and commands movement by communications with the machinery of the brain via the pineal gland
Summarise what was understood about the nervous system during/end of the 18th century.
Injury can disrupt sensations, movements and thoughts
Communication via nerves
Different identifiable parts with different functions
Operates like a machine and followed the laws of nature
