Past Qs Flashcards
(146 cards)
1
Q
Which mechanism of effect is true for NSAIDs?
A
Both
- They can cause duodenal ulcers
- They cause vasoconstriction and damage of the kidneys
2
Q
Which of the following mechanisms of effect is characteristic for lead?
A
Inhibits camp-activity in the brain
3
Q
Which compound damages selectively the cell membrane through the on channel?
A
Nicotine
4
Q
Which toxin is found in newts?
A
Tetrodotoxin
5
Q
Which clinical signs are caused by Spurge spp.?
A
Both
- Haematuria, icterus
- Stomatitis, bloody diarrhoea
6
Q
What are the gross pathological findings in hydrogen sulphide toxicosis?
A
Both
- Conjunctivitis
- Lung odema
7
Q
What kind of treatment would you use in methylaldehyde poisoning?
A
Barbiturates
8
Q
From an aspect of membrane transport, which property of the xenobiotic is important?
A
Both
- The similarity to endogenous substances
- Lipid solubility
9
Q
Which statement is true of nitrate-nitrite?
A
Both
- Nitrite is responsible for the production of Methaemoglobin
- Primarily the high nitrate content of the plant causes poisoning
10
Q
Which compound accumulates in the fat tissue?
A
Organochlorines
11
Q
Which substance binds to amino acid-type receptor?
A
Strychnine
12
Q
Which clinical feature is characteristic to chlorine gas toxicosis?
A
Neither
Neither:
- Anaemia nor
- Behavioural signs
13
Q
Which of following mechanism of effect is characteristic to lead?
A
Blocks the enzymes delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase, coprogenase, and haem synthase
14
Q
Which statement is true?
A
Antioxidants decrease the toxicity of aflatoxin
15
Q
Which statement is true of biochemical mode of damaging?
A
It depends on the fine chemical structure of the substance
16
Q
Which animal organism contains ciguatoxin?
A
Fish
17
Q
Which medicine is useful in the treatment of poisoning caused by viperid snakes?
A
Both
- Cardiorespiratory stimulants
- Analgesics
18
Q
Which mechanism of effect is characteristic to carbon monoxide?
A
Bonds reversibly to haemoglobin, rendering it incapable of oxygen transport
19
Q
Which pathological alteration is characteristic to poisoning by Solanum spp.?
A
Both
- Cerebral odema, pulmonary oedema
- Subserosal haemorrhages
20
Q
Which mechanism of action is not characteristic to ethylene glycol?
A
Inhibits the function of alcohol dehydrogenase
Characteristic:
- It passes through the blood-brain barrier
- It binds with ionized calcium to form calcium oxalate crystals
- Its acidic metabolites cause acidosis
21
Q
Which is a clinical feature of NSAID toxicosis?
A
Both
- Polyuria, polydipsia
- Vomiting, bloody diarrhoea
22
Q
Which compound is found in the poison of poison-arrow frogs?
A
Batrachotoxin
23
Q
Which medicine is useful in the treatment of ochratoxin poisoning?
A
Both
- Feed additives (antioxidants, vitamins, trace elements)
- Supportive therapy for kidney
24
Q
Which is the most toxic ochratoxin?
A
A
25
What are the gross pathological signs of methylxanthine toxicosis?
Both
- Gastroenteritis
- Congestion of the parenchymal organs
26
What mechanism of effect is true for NSAIDs?
Both
- Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis
- They inhibit ATP synthesis in kidney tubule cells
27
Which substance is found in Hydrangea spp.?
Hydrangin
28
Which statement is true of nitrate-nitrite?
Both
- Methaemoglobin results from the presence of nitrite
- Monogastric animals are less sensitive to nitrates
29
Which antidote can be used in zinc toxicosis?
Both
- Ca Na EDTA
- D-penicillamine
30
Which statement is true?
Those compounds can be absorbed readily from the gastrointestinal tract which have high lipid-water distribution co-efficien
31
What is the main toxic compound of Hemlock?
Coniine
32
Which clinical signs are caused by Hydrangea spp.?
Both
- Tachypnoe, respiratory distress
- Vomiting, bloody diarrhoea
33
Which animal organism contains tetradotoxin?
Newt
34
In which case are the emetic agents indicated?
Generally within 2 hours after oral intake of poison
35
Which statement is true for anticoagulant rodenticides?
Both
- Vitamin K can be given as an antidote
- The toxicity of drugs of the 2nd generation is much more pronounced
36
Which change of chemical structure can increase the toxicity of narasin in rabbits?
Substitution of methyl group
37
What does food toxicology deal with?
Harmful effects of xenobiotic residues in feedstuff
38
Which clinical signs is not characteristic to ethylene glycol poisoning?
- Diarrhoea
Characteristic:
- Kidney failure
- Flaccid paralysis of hind limbs
- Albuminuria
39
Which plant is known to cause damage primarily to the cardiovascular system?
Yew spp.
40
Due to their effect, the amount of ionized calcium is reduced in the blood:
Alkalis
41
Which antidote is useful in cyanide poisoning?
Sodium thiosulphate
42
What is characteristic to the kinetic profile of aflatoxin?
Aflatoxin B1 accumulates in high amounts in liver, kidney, bone marrow, and lungs
43
What is the consequence if a xenobiotic binds to the components of the blood?
The concentration of free molecules are decreased
44
Which mechanism of effect is characteristic to sulphur dioxide?
Neither
Neither:
- Inhibits respiratory enzymes nor
- Stimulates the glomum caroticum
45
Which statement is true?
Both
- The xenobiotic can bind to the soluble enzymes if its structures is similar to endogenous ligand
- The soluble enzymes are not receptors
46
Which pathological alteration is characteristic in nitrate-nitrite poisoning?
Both
- Vasodilation of the mesenteric vein
- Tissues are chocolate brown
47
Which statement is true for phosphine and phosphides?
Both
- Causes acute toxicity, death can occur within a few hours
- They are responsible for the acetylene odour of the vomitus and the expired air
48
What is the recommended dose of sodium thiosulphate in arsenic poisoning?
30-40 mg/kg bw
49
Which medicine decreases convulsions by acting as a central muscle relaxant
Guaifenesine
50
Which clinical signs are caused by Rhododendron spp.?
Both
- Vomiting, diarrhoea
- Trembling, staggering
51
Which clinical sign is not characteristic to nitrate-nitrite poisoning?
- Strychnine convulsions
Characteristic:
- Salvation, diarrhoea
- Cyanotic mucous membrane
- Ataxia
52
What is the most toxic part of Blue Star?
Seed
53
Which animal species is the most sensitive to atropine?
Both
- Cattle
- Horse
54
Which statement is true for phosphine and phosphides?
Both
- It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid thus enhancing its own toxicity
- The poisoning is mainly caused by phosphor hydrogen released from phosphides
55
To help restoration of normal function is characteristic of which antidote?
Both
- Pralidoxime
- Methylene blue
56
Which statement is true?
Selenium plays an important role in the antioxidant protection of the body
57
Which medicine is useful in the treatment of poisoning caused by viperid snakes?
Both
- Glucocorticoids
- Vasoconstrictor agents
58
Which substance is an alkaloid?
Colchicine
59
Which plant is known to cause damage primarily to the nervous system?
Horsetail spp.
60
Which animal species is the most sensitive to ionophore antibiotics?
Horse
61
Which clinical signs are caused by Cycas spp.?
Both
- Bruising
- Cirrhosis
62
What kind of treatment would you apply in hydrogen sulphide toxicosis?
Both
- Antitussives
- Fresh air
63
Which antidote is useful against ethylene glycol poisoning?
Both
- Ethanol
- Fomepizole
64
Which emetic agent is useful in cats?
Xylazine
65
Which is a clinical feature of anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning?
Both
- Hypovolemic shock
- Forming of haematomas
66
Which property influence the rate of passive diffusion?
Both
- The surface size of the membrane
- The distribution coefficient of the compound
67
Which solution is useful for increasing tubular filtration?
Furosemide
68
Which is a toxicosis of human source?
Household products
69
Which medicine is useful in the treatment of nitrate-nitrite poisoning?
Both
- Vasoconstrictor agents
- Methylene blue
70
What may be the cause of teratogenic alterations?
Both
- X-ray radiation
- Parvovirus
71
Which compound damages the cell membrane in a non-specific way?
Paraquat
72
Which clinical sign is not characteristic to ethylene glycol toxicosis?
- Diarrhoea
Characteristic:
- Kidney failure
- Albuminuria
- Flaccid paralysis of hind limbs
73
Which pathological alteration is not characteristic in ethylene glycol poisoning?
Liver failure
Characteristic:
- Calcium oxalate crystals are found on blood vessel walls of the brain
- Kidney failure
- Greyish line on the cutting surface of the kidney
74
After which time period are the clinical signs of Hemlock poisoning seen?
0.5 – 2 hours
75
Which process does not belong to Phase I reactions?
- Glucoronic conjugation
Belonging:
- Hydrolysis
- Reduction
- Microsomal oxidation
76
Which antidote is useful in copper poisoning?
D-penicillamine
77
Which substance is found in Philodendron spp.?
Calcium oxalate crystals
78
Which process does not belong to Phase I reactions
- Glutathione conjugation
Belonging:
- Hydration
- Carboxylation
- Isomerisation
79
What is characteristic of gametic mutation?
It is realised in offsprings
80
Which of the following is the most toxic substance of plant origin?
Glycoside
81
What kind of treatment would you use in anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning?
Both
- Ionized calcium compounds
- Blood transfusion
82
Which mechanism of effect is characteristic to carbon dioxide?
Neither
Neither Inhibits the action of cytochrome oxydase. Nor Forms carboxyhaemoglobin.
83
Which clinical feature is characteristic to nitrogen dioxide toxicosis?
Both
- Lacrimation, coughing
- Difficult breathing
84
What kind of treatment would you apply in salicylate toxicosis?
Alkalising the urine with Na-bicarbonate
85
Which clinical feature is characteristic to carbon monoxide toxicosis?
Neither
Neither:
- The expired air has a special odour nor
- Visible mucous membrane have brownish discolouration.
86
What are the gross pathological signs in paracetamol toxicosis?
Both
- Necrosis in the liver, icterus
- The blood has chocolate brownish discolouration
87
Which of the following mechanism of effect is characteristic for copper?
Causes lipid peroxidation in the membrane of erythrocytes and lysosomes
88
Which laboratory finding is characteristic to zearalenone poisoning?
Both
- Decreased level of LF
- Decreased progesterone level
89
Which clinical signs are caused by butterfly toxins?
Both
- The hair of butterflies induces irritation and pruritus of the skin
- Erythema and blister can be seen on the skin
90
Which mechanism of action is characteristic to fumonisins?
Both
- Fumonisin B1 inhibits sphinganine-N-acetyltransferase
- They inhibits calcium channels in myocardial cells.
91
Which is a clinical feature of methylxanthine toxicosis?
None of the above
92
Which pathological alteration is characteristic to acute poisoning by Buckwheat?
Cerebral oedema, meningitis
93
What is characteristic to the kinetic profile of aflatoxin?
Both
- Aflatoxins get absorbed by passive diffusion from the small intestine, mainly from duodenum
- Aflatoxin is not accumulated in the body, however, repeated uptake causes delirious effects
94
What kind of treatment would you apply in methylxanthine toxicosis?
Acidification of urine
95
Which statement is true?
They are retrograde barbs on the lancet of bees
96
Which are the clinical signs of fumonisin poisoning in swine?
Dyspnoea, open mouth breathing
97
What are the consequences of numerical aberrations caused by xenobiotics?
Both
- Methaemoglobin is not capable of oxygen transport
- Nitrate irritates mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract
98
Which derivative of chlorinated biphenyls can be eliminated through the kidney with more than 50%?
Biphenyl
99
Which mechanism of action is characteristic to nitrate-nitrite?
Both
- Methaemoglobin is not capable of oxygen transport
- Nitrate irritates mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract
100
Which antidote cannot be used in arsenic toxicosis?
- Deferoxamine
Can use:
- Na thiosulphate
- Dimercaprol
- D-penicillamine
101
What kind of treatment would you use in anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning?
Vitamin K1
102
What is the recommended dose of 20% ethanol in ethylene glycol poisoning?
5 ml/kg bw
103
Which statement is true?
After oral administration since can cause haemolysis, nephro- and hepatotoxicity
104
Which statement is true?
Lead can be metabolized from the bones in acidosis
105
Which is a toxicosis of human source?
Pesticides
106
Which medicine is useful in the treatment of nitrate-nitrite poisoning?
Both
- Vitamin C
- Saline purgatives
107
Which antidote can be used in copper toxicosis?
Both
- Ca Na EDTA
- D-penicillamine
108
Which mechanism of action is characteristic to fumonisins?
They inhibit calcium channels in myocardial cells and thus decrease contraction of the myocardium
109
What is not characteristic to ethylene glycol?
- Intravenously applied Pralidoxime is the antidote against it
Characteristic:
- Slightly sweet-tasting dihydric alcohol
- It is absorbed well and quickly from the gastrointestinal tract
- Cats are highly sensitive to it
110
Which mechanism of action is characteristic to nitrate-nitrite?
Both
- Nitrate irritates mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract
- Methaemoglobin is not capably of oxygen transport
111
Which clinical sign is not characteristic to ethylene glycol poisoning?
- Flaccid paralysis of hind limbs
Characteristic:
- Kidney failure
- Albuminuria
- Diarrhoea
112
Which statement is true?
The high calcium content of feed can reduce the absorption of certain compounds.
113
Which process does investigate the movement of the xenobiotic in the body?
Toxicokinetic process
114
Which is a clinical feature of inorganic arsenic toxicosis?
Acute, rice watery diarrhoea
115
What is characteristic of genotoxic carcinogens?
They do not have threshold dose.
116
Which does induce teratogenic alterations in rabbits?
Thalidomide
117
Which is a toxicosis of natural source?
Poisonous plants
118
What does experimental toxicology deal with?
Mechanism of effect, disposition and analytical procedures of chemical substances.
119
Which clinical signs are caused by poisonous lizards?
Both
- Severe pain
- Tachycardia
120
Which clinical feature is characteristic to hydrogen sulphide toxicosis?
Both
- Sneezing, coughing
- Ataxia
121
Which mechanism of action is characteristic to urea?
Both
- It increases the serum level of sodium and potassium ions.
- It decreases the level calcium ions.
122
Which is a clinical feature of salicylate toxicosis?
None of the above
123
Which mechanism of effect is true for paracetamol?
None of the above
124
Which statement is true?
The poisonous butterflies take up the venom from a plant during their development.
125
Which compound is found in the venom of scorpions?
Both
- Phosphomonoesterase
- Phospholipase A2
126
Which mould fungi produce zearalenone?
Fusarium spp.
127
What is the consequence is a xenobiotic accumulates in the tissues?
Chronic poisoning
128
Which statement is true for salicylates?
Both
- They are well absorbed from the stomach and small intestine
- They inhibit the aggregation of thrombocytes
129
The emetic agents are contraindicated in:
Horse
130
Which is not a clinical feature of phosphine toxicosis?
- Bloody diarrhoea
Are clinical features:
- Profuse vomiting
- Pulmonary oedema
- Strychnine-like convulsions
131
Which clinical signs are caused by Rhododendron spp.?
Both
- Vomiting, diarrhoea
- Trembling, staggering
132
What may be the cause of teratogenic alterations?
Both
- Toxoplasmosis
- Diabetes mellitus of mother
133
Which plant is known to cause damage primarily to the cardiovascular system?
Hellebore spp.
134
Which statement is true?
Both
- Aconitine causes mydriasis.
- Aconitine inhibits nerve impulses in the heart.
135
Which animal species is most sensitive to Secale cornutum?
Poultry
136
Which antidote is useful in organophosphate poisoning?
Atropine sulphate
137
What are the gross pathological signs in poisoning caused by anticoagulant rodenticides?
Haematomas and haemorrhages all over the body.
138
Which plant causes damage primarily to the liver?
Groundsel spp.
139
Which mechanism of effect is true for salicylates?
None of the above
140
Which compounds cause liquefaction necrosis?
Neither
Neither:
- Acids nor
- Alkalis
(Correct: Fumonisin toxicosis)
141
Which medicine is useful in the treatment of poisoning by Foxglove species?
Potassium-containing electrolyte solution
142
Which antidote is a chelating agent?
Dimercaprol
143
Which is the most toxic trichothecene?
T-2 toxin
144
Which substance has enzyme induction effect?
Rifampicin
145
Which mechanism of effect is characteristic to nitrogen dioxide?
Both
- Severely irritates the epithel of the respiratory tract.
- The formed nitric acid can cause serious inflammation.
146
Which alteration is seen in the preimplantation phase?
Both
- Death of zygote
- Reorganisation
