PATH 2022 Flashcards
(59 cards)
1
Q
Name the condition caused by vitamin D deficiency
A
a) Osteomalacia
2
Q
3) Name the most common parasitic infection in the duodenum causing malabsorption
A
giardia lamblia
3
Q
Name the most common cause of cancer death in males
A
lung cancer
4
Q
- 40 year old with low tsh and very high t4, I diagnosis?
A
Grave’s disease
5
Q
- 40 year old with low tsh and very high t4, what sign would you likely see in/around her eyes if you look closely?
A
exophthalmos
6
Q
- During pregnancy, pregnant women are offered vaccines. One of these is Covid vaccine. State one of the other 2.
A
flu and whooping cough
7
Q
- What medical procedure can you do to prevent hyperacute ABO rejection in the transfer of an ABO incompatible kidney?
A
plasmapheresis
8
Q
- Hospital is critically low on O- blood. A 59 year old woman casualty needs blood urgently, what do you give (type and rhesus)?
A
O-
9
Q
- DIC blood test results after induction of labour with misoprostol. What is the most likely causative obstetric event?
A
PLACENTAL ABRUPTION
10
Q
- Name the hormone causing phosphate excretion
A
PTH
11
Q
- 4 month old with failure to thrive pneumoniae and NADPH oxidase mutation. What ist the most likely immunodeficiency?
A
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
12
Q
- Lady with mucormycotic, drainage of abscess happening soon, what antifungal do you give?
A
amphotericin B
13
Q
- What is the scoring system used for prostate cancer?
A
Gleason
14
Q
- IVDU tried to inject stuff into his femoral vein, missed and hit an artery instead. Urine dipstick positive for blood but no red cells, what is causing the haematuria?
A
myogoblin
15
Q
- 8 year old with joint pain and rash and c1q deficiency, what autoimmune condition does she have?
A
SLE
16
Q
- Woman visits Nigeria and got bitten lots with no vaccinations or medication, what’s the likely causative organism?
A
Plasmodium falciparum
17
Q
- Name the characteristic malignant cell in Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
A
Reed-Sternburg cell
18
Q
- Child with no B cell, no ig, but t cells
A
– Bruton’s X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia
19
Q
Lots of blood tests and they mention smear cells.
A
CLL
20
Q
- Most common cause of lobar pneumonia
A
Strep pneumo
21
Q
- What do you give IM in anaphylaxis?
A
Adrenaline
22
Q
- What 3 infections are checked in pregnant women according to UK screening program?
A
HIV, syphilis, Hep B
23
Q
- According to the RECOVERY study, what steroid is given in COVID-19 with low oxygen?
A
dexamethasone
24
Q
- Guy with depression given medications. Bloods show hyponatraemia with no other abnormalities. Likely antidepressant drug class?
A
SSRIs
25
27. A 62 yo man has a routine set of bloods done for an insurance medical. Rbc hi, hct hi, plt normal, JAK2 V617K present in 40% of cells. What's he got?
Polycythaemia vera
26
28. Guy from Cyprus with fever and serositis and MEFV mutation. Dx?
Familial Mediterranean Fever
27
29. Guy with knee pain, shows positively birefringent crystals. Dx?
pseudogout
28
30. Description of someone with Goodpasture syndrome, what type of hypersensitivity?
type 2
29
31. Blood test results, hypokaelaemia, what is the most likely bicarbonate number to nearest whole number?
30
30
32. Given ABG, what is the acid-base imbalance?
Metabolic alkalosis
31
33. Aspirin toxicity question given blood gas (also repeat) but only gave pH which was 7.4 and po2 lo and pco2
32
34. 58yo man with severe COPD and smokes 30 cigarettes a day and high BMI, taking furosemide 40mg —> High Hb and haematocrit, norm WCC & neutrophils & lymphocytes & platelets. Jak2 mutation present at 40% whats the diagnosis?
Polycythaemia vera
33
35. Name the type of physiological cell death that occurs in embryogenesis
apoptosis
34
36. What are the macroscopic findings 3 hours after a transmural myocardial infarction
normal
35
37. What dye is used to stain for amyloidosis?
Congo-Red
36
38. What investigation/test is used to monitor someone on LMWH with renal failure?
anti-Xa
37
39. High bilirubin, normal liver enzymes (ALP, ALT, AST), no symptoms. Dx?
Gilbert’s syndrome
38
40. What is the most likely histopathology of lung cancer in the peripheries of a female non-smoker?
– adenocarcinoma
39
41. A man who smokes and drinks alcohol has cancer in the middle third of his oesophagus, what is the likely histopathology?
squamous cell carcinoma
40
42. A 50 yo guy has Sx. Did blood film, bloods and BM aspirate. Flower nuclei white cells with Pelger Huet cells. What's the diagnosis?
Adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma
41
43. Which hepatitis virus normally doesn’t become chronic, but dangerous for pregnant women?
hepatitis E
42
44. Which vaccine-preventable virus when got in pregnancy causes eye issues in the baby eg cataracts, sensorineural deafness, patent ductus arteriosus, purpura, bone lesions
rubella
43
45. Which extremely infective vaccine-preventable disease causes rash descending from face over 3 days. 30% develop otitis media and may lead to pneumonia, encephalitis?
measles
44
46. Man has HLA-B27, with sacroiliitis - what AI disease?
ankylosing spondylitis
45
47. A no presenting complaint 56 yo man comes in for routine bloods: all normal except high IgG. BM aspirate shows 8% blast cells. What's the diagnosis?
MGUS
46
48. A WoMan has a pituitary adenoma with the following biochem: TSH low T4 ACTh lo IgF1 low prolactin 700 just a bit raised. What is the cause?
Non-funcTioning pituitary adenoma
47
49. c-Anca positive, proteinase 3 positive, what is the diagnosis?
Wegeners
48
52. Lady with clear myasthenia gravis, droopy eyelids, tired by end of day. Which antibodies would you look for?
Anti-ACh receptor
49
53. Rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, what is the most specific antibody?
? Anti-CCP
50
54. Woman with itching, anti-mitochondrial antibodies, what is the most likely diagnosis?
PBC
51
55. Which fungus that can cause respiratory disease in immunocompromised cannot be treated using a certain type of antifungal (cos it doesn’t have ergosterol in its cell wall), it’s normally treated with co-trimoxazole?
Pneumocystis jirovecii
52
56. A poorly controlled T2DM pt has oozing infection of eyes and sinuses, ENT surgeons taking for debridement surgery, what’s the immediate pharm Tx?
amphotericin B, mucormycosis
53
57. What’s seen on histology in Hirschsprung’s biopsy?
Lack of ganglion cells
54
58. Kid gets a purpuric rash and fever too. Blood investigations show low (<10%) 50% haemolytic complement (CH50) and low (<10%) 50% alternative complement pathway (AP50). What is the likely causative organism?
Strep pyogenes
55
62. Person with aortic stenosis. Has some blood transfusions for some reason, on the second unit of blood immediately develops SOB, 85% O2 Sats, JVP elevated by 3cm.
TACO
56
63. What test on peripheral blood would reveal the diagnosis, results in line with multiple myeloma.
Rouleaux formation
57
64. What bone cancer is most likely to develop in someone with Paget's disease?
osteosarcoma
58
65. What is the diagnosis, results showed increased IgG lambda but normal kappa lambda ratio, <30g/L – elevated light chains with normal KLR can be a normal response to infection – Dx =
reactive hypergammaglobulinaemia
59
66. Person with diabetes, atherosclerotic diseases, started ACE inhibitor due to microalbuminuria, develops high creatinine and urea a week later, hasn’t passed urine in 3 days, normal Na and K. What was the underlying condition of the kidney stuff?
Renal artery stenosis
