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PATH Flashcards

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1
Q

This type of infection is initiated at oestrus and is perpetuated by breeding and parturition.

A

Ascending infection

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2
Q

NAME TWO BACTERIAL INFECTIONS SPREAD BY HEMATOGENOUS ROUTE

A

SALMONELLA

BRUCELLA

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3
Q

TRITRICHOMONAS FETUS CAUSES EARLY EMBRYONIC LOSS IN WHAT SPECIES

A

CATTLE

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4
Q

Progesterone increases defense mechanisms true or false

A

False

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5
Q

IN CATTLE WHAT HORMONE IS PRODUCED DURING ACUTE ENDOMETRITIS?

A

PGF2-ALPHA

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6
Q

What cells would you expect to see in acute inflammation of the uterus? Subacute? Chronic?

A

Acute-neutrophils
Subacute- plasma cells and lymphocytes
Chronic- macrophages and lymphocytes

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7
Q

FIBRINOUS RHINITIS IS CAUSED BY ____ IS ALSO KNOWN AS ______

A

HERPES VIRUS
INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS
COMMON NAME= RED NOSE
FORMATION OF DIPTHERIC MEMBRANES ***

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8
Q

What is a periovarian cyst?

A

Cyst external to ovary
Remnants of the paramesoneohric/mesonephric duct
Common in horse and cat

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9
Q

CARNIVORES AND MONKEYS HAVE A UNIQUE EXCHANGE SYSTEM . EXPLAIN.

A

CUBOIDAL CELLS AND ALVEOLAR CAPILLARIES FORM RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLES

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10
Q

Intrafollicular hemorrhage is severe in what species

A

Horse

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11
Q

What is agangensis?

A

Tubular genitalia remains infantile

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12
Q

NEOSPORA CANINUM CAUSES ABORTION IN

A

CATTLE

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13
Q

IN WHAT PHASE IS THE UTERUS OPEN TO THE EXTERNAL ENVT?

A

OESTRUS- CERVIX IS OPEN TO ALLOW SPERM THOUGH

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14
Q

CAUSES OF NECROTIZING/GANGRENOUS/HEMORRHAGIC MASTITIS

A

ECOLI

S. AUREUS

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15
Q

INCLUSION BODY RHINITIS IS CAUSED BY

A

HERPESVIRUS
TARGETS SUBMUCOSAL GLANDS
BASOPHILIC INTRANUCLEAR INCLUSION BODIES
CS- NASAL DC

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16
Q

PYOMETRA IS SECONDARY TO WHAT IN CATS AND DOGS

A

ENDOMETRITIS

ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA

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17
Q

LYMPHOMA IS THE MOST COMMON METASTATIC NEOPLASM IN THE UTERUS IN ..

A

CATTLE

ET- BOVINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS

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18
Q

ABORTION IN CARNIVORES CAUSED BY

A

NEOSPORA
BRUCELLA
HERPES VIRUS 1

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19
Q

CONDUCTING SYSTEM IS MADE OF _______. IT CONTAINS _____ AND _____

A

NOSTRILS, NASAL CAVITY, PARANASAL SINUSES, NASOPHARYNX, LARYNX, TRACHEA, EXTRAPULMONARY BRONCHI, INTRAPULMONARY BRONCHI

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED CILITED EPITHELIUM
GOBLET CELLS

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20
Q

MOST BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA IS SECONDARY TO

A

VIRAL INFECTION

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21
Q

IN CATTLE WHAT MIGHT YOU SEE IN THE UTERUS AT TIME OF MEAT INSPECTION?

A

SCIRRHOUS= UTERINE NEOPLASIA

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22
Q

What are the defense mechanisms of the uterus?

A

Protective epithelium
Cervix is the gatekeeper
Myometrial tone
Secretions are flushing action

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23
Q

Poor confirmation of the vulva in mares can lead to

A

Urine pooling in the vagina
Defective function-inflammation
Cervical and uterine INF more common

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24
Q

True or false- ovarian cysts can be congenital or acquired

A

True

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25
WHAT IS ATELECTASIS
COLLAPSE OF LUNG TISSUE WITH LOSS OF AIR VOLUME IT WILL SINK
26
FORMATION OF GOBLET CELLS IS TYPE OF ____
METAPLASIA
27
WHAT DO YOU CALL A MAMMARY GLAND NEOPLASIA?
MAMMARY ADENOMA, ADENOCARCINOMA
28
WHAT IS BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS?
INFLAMMATORY OBSTRUCTION OF BRONCHIOLES
29
OESTRUS OVIS
SHEEP NASAL BOT MYIASIS RARE SEQUALE- SUPPURTIVE MENINGITIS
30
In severe cases of pyometra you would expect to see...
Necrosis and erosion of epithelium
31
Estrogen promotes defense mechanisms true or false
True
32
Where is an inclusion cyst located
Surface epithelium
33
CAUSE OF LYMPHOPLASMACYTIC MASTITIS
MYCOPLASMA BOVIS
34
SEQUALE OF PYOMETRA IN HERBIVORES? CARNIVORES?
METAPLASIA | HYPERPLASIA
35
CAUSES OF GRANULOMATOUS MASTITIS
MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS NOCARDIA FUNGI
36
Consequence of granulosa cell tumor in mares
Nymphomania, stallion behavior
37
RABBITS ARE PRONE TO WHAT NEOPLASIA
UTERINE ADENOCARCINOMA
38
TOXOPLASMA GONDII CAUSES ABORTION IN
EWES
39
This type of infection is secondary to the entrance of sperm
Venereal
40
WHAT IS BRONCHIECTASIS?
THICKENED WALLS OF THE BRONCHI | DUE TO DESTRUCTION OF BRONCHIOLE WALLS DUE TO CHRONIC INFLAMMATION
41
OUT OF ENDOMETRITIS, METRITIS, AND PYOMETRA WHICH IS THE MOST SEVERE?
METRITIS
42
Describe a teratoma
Derived from at least two germ cell layers | Contain hair, teeth, fat, mm, nerves
43
WHAT IS EMYPHYSEMA
OVERINFLATION OF THE ALVEOLI
44
LEPTOSPIROSIS CAUSES ABORTION IN
CATTLE AND PIGS
45
WHAT ARE CAUSES OF BACTERIAL PLACENTITIS VIA VENEREAL ROUTE?
CAMPLYOBACTER | UREAPLASMA
46
Infection of the vagina and vulva leads to...
Hyperplasia and keratinization of the squamous epithelium
47
Describe hypoplastic ovaries
Small Lack follicles Surface scars from ovulation Reproductive tract remains infantile
48
EXCHANGE SYSTEM IS COMPOSED OF WHAT?
ALVEOLAR DUCTS | ALVEOLI- LINED BY TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 PNEUMOCYTES
49
During chronic endometrial inflammation you would expect prostaglandin to -
Decrease
50
In chronic cases of pyometra you would expect to see...
Squamous METAPLASIA
51
YOU SEE VALVULAR GRANULITIS IN A COW WHAT IS THE ETIOLOGY?
UREAPLASMA
52
MOST INFECTIONS START AS ___ OFTEN AS A RESULT OF ___
ENDOMETRITIS | ASCENDING INFECTION
53
INFECTIOUS ABORTION IN CATTLE IS CAUSED BY
``` NEOSPORA TRITRICHOMONAS BRUCELLA LISTERIA UREAPLASMA CAMPLYOBACTER BOVINE HERPESVIRUS 1 ASPERGILLUS AKABANE (HYDRANENCEPHALY IN THE FETUS) ```
54
FELINE HERPES VIRUS 1 CAUSES ___
RHINITIS, CONJUNCTIVITIS
55
THE UTERUS IS A STERILE ENVT TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
56
Consequence of granulosa cell tumors in queens
Prolonged estrous, pyometra
57
LEIOMYOMA
OCCURS IN THE SMOOTH MUSCLE OF THE UTERUS, VAGINA, AND VULVA OF AGED ANIMALS
58
What is a cystic Graafian follicle?
Failure of follicle to ovulate Common in cow and sow Consequences- Delayed return to estrous Prolonged estrogen stimulation
59
Describe a dysgerminoma
``` Germ cell tumor Rare Malignant 20% metastasis Female Seminoma ```
60
ARABIANS WITH ____ CAN DIE FROM ADENOVIRAL PNEUMONIA
SCID
61
ABORTION IN SHEEP AND GOATS IS CAUSED BY
CAMPLYOBACTER FETUS SUBSP FETUS LISTERIA CAMPLYOBACTER JEJUNI BORDER DZ AKA BVD
62
How does an epithelial ovarian tumor spread?
TRANSCOLEMIC
63
What is a vascular hamartoma?
Incidental finding in cow, sow, mare Congenital abnormality of the blood vessels Dark red mass on surface of ovary
64
MYCOTIC ABORTION IS CAUSED BY
ASPERGILLUS NECROTIC COTYLEDONS
65
CONTAGIOUS EQUINE METRITIS IS CAUSED BY ...
TAYLORELLA EQUGENITALIS
66
CAUSES OF CONTAGIOUS MASTITIS
STREP AGALACTIAE STAPH AUREUS MYCOPLASMA
67
MDX FOR MILD ENDOMETRIAL INFLAMMATION
MILD ACUTE NEUTOPHILIC ENDOMETRITIS
68
What cells make up the vulva, vagina, and cervix
Keratinized stratified squamous cells
69
INFLAMMATION OF THE UTERUS CAN CAUSE
INFERTILITY
70
PATHOGENESIS OF PYOMETRA IN DOGS
ESTROUS->ENDOMETRITIS->PYOMETRA
71
PROGRESSIVE ETHMOIDAL HEMATOMA IS LIKELY TO CAUSE _—— IN AN OLDER HORSE
EPISTAXIS
72
True or false- a granulosa cell tumor is not endocrine active
False
73
What three cells can an ovarian tumor arise from
Germ cells Sex cord stromal cells (granulosa or interstitial/theca) Epithelial cells
74
Ascending fungal infection can be observed in what species
Horses
75
TRANSITIONAL SYSTEM SUSCEPTIBLE TO INJURY. LIST COMMON INJURIES.
BOVINE PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS 3, BOVINE RESP SYNCYTIAL VIRUS, CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS, NITROGEN DIOXIDE, SULFUR DIOXIDE, OZONE, 3-METHYLINDOLE, PARAQUAT
76
TRANSITIONAL SYSTEM IS WHAT BODY PART? NOTABLE CELLS?
``` BRONCHIOLES CLUB CELLS (DETOX), NON CILIATED SECRETORY CELLS ```
77
What is the most common type of ovarian tumor
Sex cord stromal cell tumor (granulosa or interstitial/theca cell)
78
CAUSES OF BACTERIAL PLACENTITIS VIA HEMATOGENOUS ROUTE
SALMONELLA BRUCELLA LISTERIA
79
WHAT BACTERIAL INF CAUSES LESIONS IN THE FETAL BRAIN?
NEOSPORA
80
WHAT COLOR WILL INFARCTS BE IN THE LUNGS?
RED
81
What is pyometra?
Accumulation of neutrophils and necrotic debris in the lumen of the uterus
82
True or false- most infectious start as endometritis
True
83
EQUINE COITAL EXANTHEMA IS CAUSED BY
EQUINE HERPES VIRUS 3
84
ABORTION IN SOWS IS ALSO KNOWN AS ____ IT IS CAUSED BY___
SMEDI- STILBORN, MUMMIFIED, EMBRYONIC DEATH, INFERTILITY PORCINE PARVIRUS PORCINE ENTEROVIRUS
85
ATROPHIC RHINITIS IS CAUSED BY
BORDETELLA (DERMONECROTIC TOXIN-INHIBITS OSTEOBLASTS) PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA (TOXIGENIC- ACTIVATES OSTEOCLASTS)
86
SOURCES OF ESTROGEN
``` CYSTIC GRAAFIAN FOLLICLES CYSTIC OVARIAN DISEASE GRANULOSA CELL TUMORS RED CLOVER ZEARALENONE ```
87
WHAT CAUSES MARE REPRODUCTIVE LOSS SYNDROME?
SEPTAE FROM CATERPILLAR- MECHANICAL PENETRATION OF GI LEADS TO BACTEREMIA, PLACENTITIS, FETAL INFECTION
88
What are consequences of a post ovulation acquired endothelial inclusion cyst in horses?
Can obstruct the ovulation fossa and cause infertility
89
Post insemination you would expect to see what blood change?
Leukocytosis- neutrophils and macrophages phagocytose bacteria and sperm
90
CAUSES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MASTITIS
ECOLI | STREP
91
Uterus is most susceptible to infection during the - phase
Luteal
92
CAUSE OF SUPPURATIVE MASTITIS
S. AGALACTIAE
93
Inflammation of the ovary
Oophoritis
94
CHRONIC INFLAMMATION LEADS TO GOBLET CELL HYPERPLASIA WHICH LEADS TO ______ WHICH CAN LEAD TO WHAT TO TWO THINGS
CATARRHAL BRONCHIOLITIS 1. PNEUMONIA—> BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS 2. OBTRUCTION OF THE BRONCHI-> EMPHYSEMA OR ATELECTASIS
95
A DOG WITH CYSTIC ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA IS PRONE TO ...
PYOMETRA
96
PATHOGENESIS OF PYOMETRA IN CATTLE
POST PARTUM (RETAINED FETAL MEMBRANES)->ENDOMETRITIS->CLOSING OF THE CERVIX->PYOMETRA
97
Inflammation of the oviduct
Salpingitis
98
POTENTIALLY PATHOGENIC BACTERIA IN NORMAL BIOTA OF THE RESP SYSTEM
MANNHEMIA HAEMOLYTICA PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA BORDETELLA BRONCHIEPTA
99
INFECTIOUS PUSTULAR VULVOMETRITIS IN CATTLE IS CAUSED BY...
BOVINE HERPES 1 VIRUS
100
Ascending infection leading to PLACENTITIS is observed in what species
Horses
101
LEPTOSPIRA CAUSES LATE GESTATION ABORTION WITH NO FETAL OR PLACENTAL LESIONS IN WHAT SPECIES
COW
102
Common hematogenous infections (4) of female repro
Brucellosis, salmonellosis, pestiviral INF, herpes virus inf
103
During acute endometrial inflammation you would expect to see a rise in -
Prostaglandin
104
WHAT CAUSES ABORTION IN MARES
EQUINE HERPESVIRUS 1 STREP EQUI SUBSPECIES ZOOEPIDEMICUS WILL SEE EOSINOPHILIC INCLUSION BODIES
105
Infections are easier to overcome at estrous true or false
True - better cervical drainage, up regulation of b and t lymphocytes
106
LYMPHOMA IN CATTLE IS CAUSED BY
Bovine leukemia virus

BLOCK EXAM 2 (4 decks)

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