PHARM

Question 1

IF VD= 1 …

Answer 1

DRUG HAS WIDE DISTRIBUTION

Question 2

OPTIMUM DOSAGE REGIMEN SHOULD BE

Answer 2

ABOVE MINIMUM EFFECTIVE

BELOW MINIMUM TOXIC

Question 3

ALKALINIZATION OF URINE BY SODIUM BICARBONATE ENHANCES SECRETION OF

Answer 3

WEAK ACIDIC DRUGS SUCH AS ASPIRIN OR PHENOBARBITOL

Question 4

PROBLEMS WITH ACTIVE TUBULAR SECRETION

Answer 4

ACIDS COMPETE WITH ACIDS
BASES COMPETE WITH BASES
SATURATION CAN OCCUR

Question 5

FACTORS EFFECTING RENAL EXCRETION

Answer 5

LIVER DZ, KIDNEY DZ, AGE, URINE PH MODIFIERS, FLUID THERAPY, DIURETICS, PLASMA PROTEIN BINDING, DOSE, RATE OF ABSORPTION

Question 6

EXAMPLES OF DIURETICS

Answer 6

FUROSEMIDE

MANNITOL

Question 7

WHAT DRUGS REQUIRE ACTIVE TUBULAR SECRETION?

Answer 7

CHOLINE, DOPAMINE, NICOTINE, CIMETIDINE, PROCAINAMIDE

Question 8

GRAPEFRUIT JUICE IS AN

Answer 8

ENZYME INHIBITOR

Question 9

WHEN SHOULD YOU GIVE AN ENZYME INHIBITOR?

Answer 9

TO PREVENT LETHAL SYNTHESIS/ TOXICITY

Question 10

DISTRIBUTION AND STORAGE DISEASES ____ BIOTRANSFORMATION

Answer 10

DECREASE

Question 11

FLUID THERAPY AND DIURETICS WILL

Answer 11

INCREASE GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE

INCREASE EXCRETION

Question 12

ACIDIFICATION OF URINE BY AMMONIUM CHLORIDE OR METHIONINE ENHANCES RENAL SECRETION OF

Answer 12

WEAK BASES

SUCH AS AMPHETAMINE

Question 13

FACTORS ALTERRING BIOTRANSFORMATION

Answer 13

SPECIES 
INDIVIDUAL 
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
 ENZYME INDUCES 
ENZYME INHIBITORS 
LIVER DISEASE

Question 14

ACTIVE TUBULAR SECRETION REQUIRES _____. IT OCCURS IN THE ____.

Answer 14

ENERGY

PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

Question 15

WHAT ORGAN IS THE MAIN SITE OF BIOTRANSFORMATION?

Answer 15

LIVER

Question 16

THERAPUETIC INDEX =

Answer 16

LD50/ ED50

LARGER VALUE =SAFER

Question 17

IF VD >1 …

Answer 17

DRUG HAS VERY WIDE DISTRIBUTION

Question 18

TUBULAR REABSORPTION

Answer 18

WATER SOLUBLE, IONIZED POLAR DRUGS EXCRETED IN URINE

Question 19

FACTORS THAT EFFECT GLOMERULAR FILTRATION

Answer 19

BLOOD FLOW 
CARDIAC OUTPUT 
BLOOD PRESSURE 
MOLECULAR SIZE (<7000 MAX. RATE) 
MOLECULAR CHARGE

Question 20

WHAT DRUGS ARE EXCRETED UNCHANGED IN THE URINE ?

Answer 20

QUATERNARY DRUGS

POLAR,IONIZED DRUGS

Question 21

NAME THREE DRUGS WITH AN EXTENSIVE EFFECT FROM FIRST PASS

Answer 21

LIDOCAINE
PROPANOLOL
MORPHINE

Question 22

SIGNIFICANT ENTEROHEPATIC CIRCULATION ____ THE HALF LIFE OF A DRUG

Answer 22

PROLONGS

Question 23

HERBIVORES HAVE ALKALINE URINE THEREFORE

Answer 23

WEAK ACID EXCRETED RAPIDLY

Question 24

IF VD <1 …

Answer 24

DRUG IS LIKELY TO STAY IN PLASMA

LIMITED DISTRIBUTION

Question 25

DRUGS SECRETED IN BILE

Answer 25

STEROID HORMONES, ERYTHROMYOCIN, NAICILLIN, DIGITOXIN, GLUCURONIDES OF CHLORAMPHENICOL, MORPHINE

Question 26

TMAX =

Answer 26

TIME TO REACH CMAX (MAX DRUG CONCENTRATION IN THE BLOOD).

Question 27

FLUORIQUINONE VD= 3.3 PENICILLIN VD= 0.2 WHICH HAS GREATER SYSTEMIC DIST? WHICH HAS FASTER EXCRETION?

Answer 27

>SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION= FLUORIQUINONE | >EXCRETION= PENICILLIN

Question 28

CHARCOAL BROILED FOOD IS AN

Answer 28

ENZYME INDUCER

Question 29

IF YOU DECREASE ACTIVE TUBULAR SECRETION YOU ______ BIOTRANSFORMATION

Answer 29

DECREASE

Question 30

CMAX =

Answer 30

PEAK DRUG CONCENTRATION IN THE BLOOD

Question 31

F= SYSTEMIC BIOAVAILABILITY =

Answer 31

AREA UNDER CURVE EXTRAVASCULAR/ AREA UNDER CURVE IV *100 FRACTION OF DOSE THAT REACHES THE BLOOD INTACT

Question 32

CARNIVORES HAVE ACIDIC URINE THEREFORE

Answer 32

WEAK BASES EXCRETED RAPIDLY

Question 33

T1/2ALPHA IS THE ______ IN THE TWO COMPARTMENT MODEL

Answer 33

RATE OF DISTRIBUTION

Question 34

LARGE ANIMALS TEND TO BE MORE DRUG _________

Answer 34

TOLERANT NEED HIGHER DOSES

Question 35

EXTRACTION RATIO

Answer 35

= (CONC. DRUG IN ARTERY/ CONC. DRUG IN VEIN )* CONC. DRUG IN ARTERY

Question 36

WHY DO WE GIVE ENZYMES INDUCERS

Answer 36

STIMULATE LIVER TO PRODUCE MORE METABOLIC ENZYMES

Question 37

IF YOU DECREASE TUBULAR REABSORPTION YOU ____ BIOTRANSFORMATION

Answer 37

INCREASE

Question 38

DRUGS THAT CANNOT BE METABOLIZED

Answer 38

HYDROPHOBIC, POLAR DRUGS

Question 39

CATS ARE DEFICIENT IN WHAT ENZYME

Answer 39

GLUCARONYL TRANSFERASE

Question 40

DEF OF COMPARTMENT

Answer 40

ANY REGION OF THE BODY WHERE THE RATE OF DRUG UPTAKE EQUALS THE RATE OF CLEARANCE

Question 41

IF YOU INCREASE GLOMERULAR FILTRATION YOU _____ EXCRETION

Answer 41

INCREASE

Question 42

ANIMALS IN THE TROPICS HAVE _____ BIOTRANSFORMATION

Answer 42

DECREASED