Path (from B&B) Flashcards by Will Andrews

type I hypersensitivity reactions

Anaphylactic
-allergen activates B-lymphocytes and IgE

HISTAMINE is the primary mediator
these responses are FIRST and FAST

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Type II hypersensitivity reactions

Cytotoxic

antibodies against antigens absorbed on carious tissue components (cell surfaces)
IgM and IgG
Rh diseases
rheumatic fever

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

type III hypersensitivity reactions

Immune-complex mediated

Ag/Ab complexes
activates the compliment response

*SLE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Type IV hypersensitivity reactions

Delayed or cell mediated

-T lymphocytes encouter a pathagen an release leukokinin leading to a macrophage activation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

disease affects multiple systems and includes butterfly (malar) rash

SLE

*90% have joint pain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

destruction to the articular cartilage

most often in women

RHEUMATOID arthritis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

disease marked by dry mouth, dry eyes, and arthritis

DECREASED exocrine functions

sjogren’s syndrome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

disease induced by herpes simplex virus

-shows BULL’S EYES leasions

erythem multiforme

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

blistering of the skin that is a result of IgG antibodies directed against desmosomes

pemphigus vulgaris

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

blistering of the skin directed against HEMIdesmosomesal proteins

bullous pemphigoid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

T cell mediated autoimmune disease with wickham’s striae

oral lichen planus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

urate crystals in response to inc uric acid levels

gout

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

HIV is what type of virus/

RNA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

karposi’s sarcoma

HIV/AIDS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

hairy leukoplakia

HIV/AIDS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

tongue may exhibit herpetic leasions and ulcers

HIV/AIDS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

gram + infection with honey colored crusted lesions

Impetigo

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

recurrent oral aphthous ulcers

bechet’s disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

occurs with asymmetry, border irregularity, color differences, large diameter, and enlarging

malinant melanoma

*more common in women

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

type of melanoma that is LEAST LIKELY to metastisize

basal cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

malignancy of the stratum spinosum and arises form actinic keratosis

squamous cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

most common chromosomal disorder (extra 21rst)

that includes mental retardation, prominent epicanthal folds, congenital cataracts, glaucoma, and strabismus

down’s syndorme

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

extra X chromosome that presents with testicular atrophy, long extremities, gyneomastia, female hair distribution, and hypogonadism

klienfelter’s syndrome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

absent X chromosome that presents with short stature, dysgenesis, webbing of the neck, and coarctation of the aorta

turner’s syndrome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

associated with hamartomatous polyps in the GI tract and pigmented mucocutaneous lesions *hyperpigmentation

peutz-jegher's syndrome

classic triad of: - cafe au lait spots - neurogibromas - lisch nodules

neurofibromatosis | vonrecklinghausens disease

autosomal dominant disorder associated with chorea and demetia

huntington's disease

associated with gardner's syndrome and 100% of these pts will get colon cancer

Familial adenomatous polyposis

in SS anemia, what is teh amino acid exchange

valine substituted for glutamic acid

a disease that is a destruction of the nervous system found commonly in jews

tay-sachs disease

associated with abnormal collagen synthesis and includes: - blue sclera - malocclusion - malformations of the teeth

osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease)

most common type of anemia that includes: - GI blood loss - malabsorption - treated with oral iron

iron deficieny

pancytopenia characterized by: - severe anemia - neutropenia - thrombocytopenia

aplastic anemia

caused by pernicious anemia which is autoantibodies against parietal cells

vitamin B12 deficiency

dietary deficiency that is especially common in alcoholics

folic acid deficiency

malignant clone of plasma cells in the bone marrow which causes skeletal bone destruction

Multiple myeloma

associated with reed sternberg cells and is associated with EBV

hodgkins lymphoma

associated with enlarged lymph nodes and GI tumors

non-hodgkins lymphoma

associated with philidelphia chromosome

CML

what are the five non-inflammatory causes of anemia?

- inc organ pressure - reduced plasma osmotic pressure - lymphatic obstruction - sodium retention - inc capillary permiability

what are the two inflammatory causes of edema?

- acute and chronic inflammation | - angiogenesis

what are the three aspects of virchow's triad?

- alterations in blood flow - vascular endothelial injury - alterations in the constituents of the blood

what are some aquired causes of hypercoagulable states?

- oral contraceptive use - immobilization - pregnancy

what is the number one cause of an emboli?

thrombus

what are the four types of shock?

- cardiogenic - hypovolemic (fluid loss) - septic (microbial infection) - anaphylactic (histamine)

total cholesterol should be what?

less than 200

HDL should be what?

40 or higher

LDL should be what?

less than 100

triglycerides should be what?

less than 150

what race has highest probability of HTN?

African American

inability to fill with or pump sufficient blood

heart failure

deals with pharyngeal infections with group A beta hemolytic strep and affects the mitral valve

rheumatic fever

account for 80% of all strokes and includes the occlusion of an artery

ischemic

accumulation of blood within the brain causing stroke

hemorrhagic

type of hemorrhage that is the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm

subaracnoid hemorrage

affect all ages an often interupt sleep

brain tumors

often preceded by an upper respiratory tract infection that displays fever, headaches, and neck stiffness

meningitis

most common primary malignant brain tumor

glioblastoma multiforme

most common benign brain tumor

meningioma

results from recurrent inflammation of the nervous system which results in demyelination

multiple sclerosis

involves the demyleination of peripheral nerves

guillain-barre syndrome

autoantibodies against ACh and often is associated with thymic tumors

Myasthenia Gravis

most common form or dimentia that involves neurofibrillary triangles

alzheimers

occurs secondary to reduced cerebral blood flow

vascular ddementia

caused by deficiency of dopamine in the striatum and is associated with tremor, rigidity, akinesia, and postural instability

parkinsons

hematoma between the skull and dura, the middle meningeal artery is responsible

epidural hematoma

hematoma that is in between the dura and the arachnoid space

subdural hematoma

diabetic ketoacidosis and microangiopathy are associated with which type of diabetes?

type I

most common cause of hypothyroidism in iodine deficient parts of the world

hashimotos thyroiditis

autoimmune atrophy to the adrenal glands

addisons disease

central obesity, moon face, buffalo hump

cushing's disease

excessive amounts of epi and norepi

pheochromocytoma

hematuria

nephritic syndrome

proteinuria

nephrotic syndrome

bacterial infection of the kidneys

pyelonephritis

"great mimic" disease

syphillis

``` inc urinary frequency urgency nocturia weak stream hesitancy dribbling ```

benign prostatic hypertophy

prostate cancer generally metastasizes where?

skeleton

type of ulcer that has worse pain when the stomach is empty?

duodenal

type of ulcer that has worse pain when the stomach is full?

gastric

liver disease due to a failure of copper

wilsons disease

gall bladder diesease that is most common in overweight females of childbearing age. it is associated with murphys sign

cholecystitis

always associated with nystagmus and can be associated with menieres disease

vertigo

enlarged cervical nodes, sore throat, fever

pharyngitis

associated with swelling and pain of the parotid or submandibular glands due to S aureus

acute bacterial sialadenitis

most common salivary neoplasm

benign mixed tumor

most common salivary malignancy

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

benign salivary tumore that is only on the parotid gland and is strongly associated to cigarrettes

warthlins tumor

enlargements of air spaces

emphysema

hypertrophy of mucus secreting glands

bronchitis

benign epithelial tumors arising in glandular patterns

adenomas

adenomas producing large cystic masses seen in fat

cystadenomas

epithelial tumors that form microscopic fingerlike projections

pappilomas

tumor which extends from the mucosa into the lumen of a hollow organ

polyps

which type of tumors arise from epithelial cells?

carcinomas

which type of tumors arise from mesenchymal (connective) tissues?

sarcomas

when cancer shifts from its origin to another body site

metastatic

Path (from B&B) Flashcards

(97 cards)