Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

stuff > Path Musculoskeletal 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Path Musculoskeletal 1 & 2 Flashcards

(73 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

All Diseases in these 2 modules

A

1) Behcet’s
2) Sjogren’s Syndrome
3) Reactive Arthritis
4) Temporal Arteritis
5) Osteogenesis Imperfecta
6) Fibrous Dysplasia
7) Paget’s Disease of Bone
8) Osteopetrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chronic disease consisting of inflammatory lesions of multiple systems

A

Behcet’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Clinical features of Behcet’s

A

a) Oral and Genital Ulcers
b) Ocular Inflammation (hypopyon - pus in anterior chamber)
c) Skin Lesion
d) CNS involvement (paralysis, dementia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What disease has an association with HLA-B51 (middle aged women)

A

Behcets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diagnosis of Behcets

A

Complicated combination of clinical findings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Treatment of Behcets

A

Steroids and Immunosuppressive drugs (b/c both deal with inflammation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Prognosis of Behcets

A

Depends on involvement
- CNS involvement = poor prognosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

M or F get behcets more?

A

Middle aged women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Apthous ulcers

A

canker sores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Females get apthous ulcer more than men (T/F)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where do apthous ulcers occur

A

Unattached mucosa (not the gingiva)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how do apthous ulcers differ from intraoral herpes?

A

Apthous ulcers - unattached mucosa
Intraoral Herpes - attached mucosa (usually)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sjogren Syndrome

A

Autoimmune disease affecting salivary, lacrimal and other glands
- Cell-mediated and Humoral immunity involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What syndrome does Sjogren syndrome lead to?

A

Sicca Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is sicca syndrome

A

Hyposalivation (xerostomia)
Hypolacrimation (xerophthalmia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what can xerophthalmia from hypolacrimation lead to

A

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (eye damage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

M or F more likely to get sjogren syndrome?

A

Female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Primary Sjogren Syndrome

A

With no other autoimmune diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Secondary Sjogren Syndrome

A

In combo with other autoimmune diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Oral manifestations of Sjogren Syndrome

A
  • Xerostomia (lymphocytes destroyed salivary glands)
  • Sandy mouth feeling
  • cracked lips
  • Papillary atrophy of tongue (beefy red tongue)
  • higher rates of caries, periodontal disease, Candidiasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Extraoral manifestations of Sjogrens Syndrome

A

A) Enlarged Parotid Glands (50% of pts)
B) Xerophthalmia (keratoconjuctivitis)
- Burning, itching, photophobia, damage to cornea
C) Raynaud Phenomenon
D) Others
- Myalgia (Pain),
- Arthalgia (Joint Stiffness)
- Chronic Fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is Raynaud Phenomenon in Sjogren Syndrome?

A

Transient vasocontriciton of digits leading to:
a) Reduced blood flow
b) Pallor
c) Pain

Induced by:
a) Cold
b) Emotional Stress

Seen in other autoimmune diseases too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Laboratory Findings

A

A) Rheumatoid Factor
- IgM to IgG

B) Sjogren Specific Abs
- Anti-SS A (Anti-Ro)
- Anti-SS N (Anti-La)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Diagnosis of Sjogren Syndrome

A

ID’ing combo of signs and symptoms of disease

May include:
- Biopsy of Minor salivary glands
- Sialography (x-ray of salivary gland or ducts) FRUIT LAIDEN BRANCHLESS TREE with technitium-99 pertechnetate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Treatment of Sjogren Syndrome
a) saliva/tear substitutes (usually not enough) b)Meds: - Steroid/Immunosuppressive Drugs c) Oral Hygiene (Fluoride)
26
Prognosis of Sjogren Syndrome
heightened risk of other autoimmune diseases and LYMPHOMA
27
Why does sjogren syndrome lead to higher risk of lymphoma
Very high turnover of lymphocytes (autoimmune) so lots of synthesis and mitosis which equals higher change of mutations
28
Reactive Arthritis
Constellation comprised of - Conjunctivitis - Urethritis - Arthritis *May not have all 3 findings
29
Trick to remember Reactive arthritis
Cant see, pee, or climb a tree
30
Reactive arthritis happens after patient has what
Venereal or GI infection
31
Time frame of Reactive Arthritis
1-4 weeks
32
M or F predilection in Reactive Arthritis
Male 15:1
33
Conjunctivitis in RA
Mild
34
Urethritis in RA
Usually develops later than other two
35
Arthritis in RA
- Lower extremity - Radiographically visible periosteal proliferation of bone
36
Oral lesions in RA
- Apthae-like - Geographic tongue-like
37
What is HLA-B27 associated with?
Reactive Arthritis (Young men) and Ankylosing Spondylitis (inflammation of spine and joints)
38
Temporal Arteritis
Autoimmune Vasculitis
39
Temporal Arteritis has Predilection for
Large to small sized arteries of the head and neck - other sites including aorta also possible
40
Morphology of Temporal Arteritis
- Granulomoas with multinucleate giant cells in 75% of lesions - Reduction of lumen diameter = ischemia risk
41
Clinical Features of Temporal Arteritis
- Nodular thickening at sites of involvement - Fever, Fatigue, weight loss, Facial pain, headache - TEMPORAL ARTERY MAY BE PAINFUL TO PALPATION - Ocular involvement may lead to BLINDNESS - NECROSIS OF TONGUE (rare)
42
Treatment for Temporal Arteritis
Responds well to Cortical Steroids
43
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (general)
A*) Defect in gene for Type 1 Collagen (Heterozygosity in 1 of 2 genes) = SOFT BONES - COL1A1 on Chromosome 17 - COL1A2 on Chromosome 7 - AD or AR (AD most common)
44
Extraoral Clinical Findings of Osteo Imperfecta
a) Bones Fracture Easily - Exuberant Callous formation in healing b) Blue Sclera c) Joint Hypermobility
45
Introoral Clinical Findings of Osteo Imperfecta
a) Opalescent appearing teeth at eruption - poorly formed dentin - enamel easily chips off b) Primary teeth more commonly affected than permanent
46
Fibrous Dysplasia (FD)
Developmental tumor like replacement of normal bone by proliferation of cellular fibrous CT with admixture of irregular hard tissue - growth is diffuse
47
FD Radiographic Findings
Ground Glass - Disorganized, poorly calcified bone
48
What causes FD
GNAS1 Mutation
49
Onset of FD in development correlation with Tissues affected?
Early in dev. = more tissues (polyostitic) Later in Dev. = less tissues (monostitic)
50
Variants of FD
a) monostitic b) Craniofacial (perhaps artificial) c) Polyostitic (2 or more) - Jaffe-Lichtenstein Syndrome - McCune-Albright Syndrome
51
Jaffe-Lichtenstein Syndrome
a) Polystotic FD b) Cafe au lait spots (jagged borders, borders of maine)
52
McCune-Albright Syndrome (M for Multiple)
a)Polyostotic FD b) Cafe au lait spots c) Multiple endocrinopathies - Precocious (early) puberty - Pituitary adenoma - Hyperthyroidism
53
FD Treatment
a) surgery (shave down for cosmetics b) Bisphosphonates (Polyostotic)
54
Why is radiation avoided with FD?
Leads to osteosarcoma
55
Paget's Disease of Bone
Metabolic disease - Abnormally high rate of bone turnover
56
Diff names for Pagets disease of bone
a) Osteitis deformans b) Leontiasis osseas
57
M or F predilection
Adult male
58
Most common sites for Paget's
a) Lumbar b) Pelvis c) Femur d) Skull - Maxilla > Mandible - Constriction of Foramina
59
What happens to bone in Paget's
Bone enlargement
60
What does bone enlargement lead to clinically?
a) pinching of nerves - Headaches, Dizziness, and Deafness b) Enlargement of Skull - hat doesn't fit anymore c) Teeth Discplacement - Dentures don't fit anymore
61
Paget's Radiographically
COTTON WOOL mixed radiolucency-radiopacity
62
Laboratory features of Paget's
Elevated ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE
63
Osteopetrosis
Group of rare genetic disorders characterized by defective osteoclast and resultant stone-like bone - deposition of bone on bone - infantile is most sever and lethal
64
Clinical Finding of Osteopetrosis
a) Bone is weak and fracture prone b) Constricted Foramina (Cranial nerve impingement) - Deafness, Blindness c) Extramedullary hematopoiesis - Reduced marrow space --> Granulocytopenia --> Infection prone - Hepatosplenomegaly
65
Behcet's Simple
- Chronic - Inflammatory Lesions - HLA-B51
66
Sjogren Syndrome Simple
- Autoimmune - Targets Glands (dry mouth, dry eyes) - Beefy Red Dry Tongue - Raynaud Phenomenon - Fruit Laden Branchless Tree (Sialography) - High Risk for Lymphoma - Rheumatoid Factor, Sjogren Specific Abs
67
Reactive Arthritis Simple
- Cant see, pee, or climb tree - HLA-B27 (ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS inflamm. spine & joints)
68
Temporal Arteritis Simple
- Autoimmune vasculitis - Arteries of Head and Neck - Granulomas - Lumen diameter reduction --> ischemic risk - Temporal artery pain on palpation - Blindness
69
Osteogenesis Imperfecta Simple
- Defect in gene for Type1 collagen - COL1A1 = 17, COL1A2 = 7 - Soft Bones - Opalescent appearing teeth at eruption
70
Fibrous Dyplasia Simple
- Developmental (Early or Late) Tumor replaces normal bone - Diffuse Growth - Ground Glass - GNAS1 mutation - Cafe au Lait Spots
71
Paget's Disease of Bone Simple
- High rate of bone turnover - Larger Bones - Nerve pinch, Hat and Dentures dont fit - Cotton Wool Radiograph - Elevated Alkaline Phosphatase
72
Osteopetrosis Simple
- Genetic disorders - defective osteoclast --> stone like bone - Bone fracture prone - Constricted foramina - Extramedullary hematopoiesis (Hepatosplenomegaly)
73

stuff (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions