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Question 1

Pelger-heut abnormality

Answer 1

bilobed nuclei due to hyposegmentation of the nuclei of red blood cells, seen in myelodysplastic syndrome MDS is usually associated with either erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP ) due to a deficiency in the enzyme, ferrochetalase. Typically, these patients will complain of only cutaneous features, specifically photosensitivity. The lack of skin blistering helps to exclude hereditary coproporphyria and porphyria cutanea tarda due to deficiency in coproporphyrinogen oxidase and uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, respectively. Also in congenital eryrthopoietic porphyria.

Question 2

viral cause of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

Answer 2

Hepatitis B

Question 3

sterile, platelet-rich vegetations on the myocardium

Answer 3

Libman-Sacks endocarditis

Question 4

where adh acts

Answer 4

Collecting duct has vasopressin receptors (V2), where antidiuretic hormone has its effects.

Question 5

What gene is identified as causative in polycystic kidney disease?

Answer 5

PKD1 in chromosome 16, and PKD2 in chromosome 4 are commonly mutated in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Question 6

tx SIADH

Answer 6

Demeclocylcine

Tolvaptan

Question 7

Rate ltd step of porphyria synthesis

Answer 7

Aminolevulinic acid synthase

Question 8

Drug induced lupus antibodies

Answer 8

Anti-histone antibodies