Patho 1 & 2 Overall Review Flashcards
(115 cards)
thiazide diuretics use, MOA, and nursing considerations
use - HTN, FVE
MOA - inhibits the reabsorption of Na, K, and Cl which decreases CO in distal convoluted tubule
NC - monitor K levels, may encourage foods high in K
loop diuretics use, MOA, major SE, and NC
HTN, FVE
MOA - encourages kidneys to reabsorb sodium within the loop of henley
SE - ototoxicity
NC - monitor K, may receive KCl
potassium sparing diuretics use, MOA, SE
use - HTN, FVE
MOA - blocks aldosterone, retains K, excretes Na and water
SE - endocrine effects
beta blockers use, MOA, SE, NC
use - HTN, cardiovascular disease
MOA - selectively blocks B1 which decreases HR and contractility
SE - bradycardia, hypotension, masks hypoglycemia
NC - taper, hold if HR <60 or systolic BP <100
alpha 2 adrenergic antagonist prototype, use, MOA, SE, NC
prototype - clonidine
use - HTN
MOA - decreases outflow of the SNS, decreases stimulation of the adrenergic receptors
SE - rebound HTN, may worsen pre-existing liver disease
NC - give at night to avoid drowsiness
ACE Inhibitors use, MOA, SE, NC
use - HTN
MOA - block angiotensin converting enzyme which inhibits the production of angiotensin II
SE - first dose hypotension, cough*, angioedema
NC - use cautiously in those with renal disease, monitor WBC and K
angiotensin receptor blockers use, MOA, SE, and NC
use - HTN, HF, CVA
MOA - blocks angiotensin II
SE - angioedema
NC - teratogenic
renin inhibitors MOA and NC
MOA - inhibits renin
NC - teratogenic
calcium channel blockers MOA and SE
MOA - blocks cell’s access to calcium which decreases contractility and conductivity
SE - orthostatic hypotension, edema
vasodilators MOA
causes relaxation to arterial smooth muscles in the veins, decreases vascular resistance
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors MOA, SE, NC
“statins”
MOA - inhibit HMG-CoA which reduces production of cholesterol in the liver
SE - myopathy, rhabdomylosis, AKI, and hepatotoxicity
NC - take with food, avoid drugs that increase the risk of myopathy, avoid alcohol
rapid acting insulin name, timings, and NC
lispro
starts working in 15 minutes, peaks in 30, and lasts for 2-4 hours
administered with meals
short acting insulin name, timings
regular
starts working in 30 minutes, peaks in 2 hours, and works for up to 8 hours
intermediate acting insulin name, timings
NPH
starts working in 2 hours, peaks in 8 hours, and works for 16 hours
long acting insulin name, timings
glargine
once a day dosing at night
starts working in 70 minutes, does not peak, and works for up to 24 hours
sulfonylureas
glipizide and glyburide
treats hyperglycemia
stimulates the secretion of insulin
teratogenic
metformin
treats DM II
decreases glucose production
do not use with elevated ALT, 48 hours after contrast, or with HF, KF, LF, of alcoholics
DPP4 Inhibitors
“gliptins”
increases insulin release and reduces glucagon release
GLP-1 receptor agonists
-tide
stimulates glucose dependent release of insulin
do not use in those with pancreatitis, medullary thyroid carcinoma, or renal disease
BBW - thyroid c-cell tumors
SLG2 Inhibitors
-flozin
prevents kidneys from reabsorbing glucose
contraindicated with RF
glucagon
hypoglycemia antidote
half life is only 25-35 mins
orlistat
reduces fat absorption by 30%
BBW - liver injury
SE - flatulance
rebound effect*
cholinesterase inhibitors
donepezil
used for alzheimers
blocks acetylcholinesterase
given PO at bedtime
NMDA receptor agonist
memantine
blocks NMDA receptors
used for alzheimers
