patho case 5: joints

Question 1

what is another name for solid joint

Answer 1

synarthroses

Question 2

what disease is characterized by degeneration of cartilage that results in structural and functional failure of synovial joints

Answer 2

osteoarthritis

Question 3

what is the most common type of joint disease

Answer 3

osteoarthritis

Question 4

what is collagen type 2 degraded by in osteoarthritis

Answer 4

matrix metalloproteinase

Question 5

what are the major environmental factors associated with osteoarthritis

Answer 5

age and biomechanics stress

Question 6

what happens to the water content and concentration of proteoglycans in early stages of osteoarthritis

Answer 6

water content increases and proteoglycans decrease

Question 7

what disease does heberden nodes occur in

Answer 7

osteoarthritis

Question 8

how might CD4+ T helper cells initiate the autoimmune response in RA

Answer 8

by reacting with arthritogenic agent

Question 9

what does IFN game do in RA

Answer 9

activates macrophages and residence synovial cells

Question 10

what does IL17 from Th17 cells do in relation to RA

Answer 10

recruits neutrophils and monocytes

Question 11

what does TNF and IL-1 do in respect to RA

Answer 11

stimulates resident synovial cells to secrete proteases that destroy hyaline cartilage

Question 12

what does RANKL expressed on activated T cells due respect to RA

Answer 12

stimulates bone resorption

Question 13

what cytokine has been most firmly impacted in the pathogenesis of RA

Answer 13

TNF

Question 14

what does RA principally affect

Answer 14

the small joints of the hands and feet

Question 15

what is the term that is a mass of edematous synovium, inflammatory cells, granulation tissue, and fibroblasts that grows over the articular cartilage and causes its erosion

Answer 15

pannus

Question 16

what factors (biological) increase risk of juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Answer 16

HLA and PTPN22 variants

Question 17

what pathologies is associated with HLA_B27

Answer 17

seronegative spondyloarthropathies and ankylosing spondylitis and reactive arthritis

Question 18

what is reactive arthritis defined by

Answer 18

a triad of arthritis, non-gonococcal urethritis or cervicitis, and conjunctivitis

Question 19

what is susceptibility to psoriatic arthritis genetically determined and related to

Answer 19

HLA-B27 and HLA-cw6

Question 20

what is the main causative agent of suppurative arthritis in older children and adults

Answer 20

S. aureus

Question 21

what is mycobacterial arthritis caused by

Answer 21

M. tuberculosis

Question 22

what is lyme arthritis caused by

Answer 22

infection with borrelia burgdorferi

Question 23

what deposits occur with goat

Answer 23

monosodium urate

Question 24

what deposits occur with pseudogout

Answer 24

calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate

Question 25

what is gout marked by

Answer 25

transient attacks of acute arthritis initiated by crystallization of monosodium rate within and around joints

Question 26

what is the solubility of MSU with gout modulated by

Answer 26

temperature and the chemical composition of the fluid

Question 27

what is acute arthritis characterized by

Answer 27

dense neutrophilic infiltrate that permeates the synovium and synovial fluid

Question 28

what is a small cyst that is almost always located near a joint capsule or tendon sheath

Answer 28

ganglion

Question 29

what color are tenosynovial giant cell tumors

Answer 29

red-brown to orange-yellow