Patho Final Flashcards
(19 cards)
Methotrexate
Musculoskeletal
Use: cancer, autoimmune diseases, RA
MOA: interferes with folate metabolism- death to fast producing cells
Nursing Actions: Monitor CBCs, instruct pt to take folate daily
Azathioprine
Musculoskeletal
Use: kidney transplants, RA, churn’s disease, UC
MOA: immunosuppressant
Nursing Action: Monitor CBCs (pay close attention to low WBC)
Allopurinol
Musculoskeletal
Use: treat gout
MOA: decreases the amount of uric acid the body makes
ADR: joint swelling, rash
Nursing Action: Use cautiously with impaired liver/renal and instruct pt to drink plenty of fluids (3 L/day)
Etanercept
Musculoskeletal
Use: RA, JA, AS, psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis
ADR: headache, upper respiratory infection, injection site reaction, infections (esp. TB and fungus), malignancies
MOA: immunosuppressant, delays progression of joint damage
Nursing Action: nephrotoxic (monitor Cr and BUN), monitor CBC
Sulfazaline
GI
Anti-inflammatory and used to treat UC and RA
Sucralfate
GI
Creates barrier against acid and pepsin
Metoclopramide
GI
Prokinetic- blocks dopa and serotonin receptors decrease nausea and increased motility
PO diabetic gastroparesis, GERD
IV post op nausea, chemo, facilitate small bore enteral tube placement and GI studies
AE: sedation, diarrhea, TD, on BEERS
Caution: geriatrics, bowel obstruction
Admin: take drug 30 min before each meal and at bedtime
Odansetron
GI Zofran Most effective drug to treat nausea Blocks receptors in brain and gut ADR: H/A, dizziness, diarrhea, lengthens QT interval- dysrhythmias Adminster PO, IM, and IV (4-8 mg)
Dexamethasone
GI
Steroid that treats inflammation
Given with Zofran -> increases the effectiveness of Zofran
Promethazine
GI Antihistamine Control pain, nausea, and vomiting Used as sedative before and after surgery Can cause necrosis
Metamucil
GI
Bulk forming, give PO with lots of water (obstruction)
Adds consistency to stool
Swell in water to form gel softening the stool
Used for diverticulitis, IBS, constipation, and diarrhea
Used to increase the consistency of stool for stony
May take days for BM
Docusate
GI
Milder form, stool softener
Doesn’t allow water to be reabsorbed from stool in large bowel
Take with full glass of water
2-3 days for BM
Avoid in patients on sodium restricted diet
Lactulose
GI
Non digestible sugar compound used to treat chronic constipation and hepatic encephalopathy (removes ammonia)
How to treat an elevated ammonia
Broken down by bacteria in colon which causes fermentation and increased water to colon
Dose dependent
Can cause more gas and cramping than other osmotic laxatives
PEG
GI
Miralax
Bowel cleansing solution that contain sPEG plus electrolytes
Clean out bowel in short amount of time prep for endoscopy or surgery
Traditional - 4L in three hours
Recent 2 L in 3 hrs and bisacodyl
AE: N/V, cramping, bloating
Water to move to large bowel and increased water in stool- diarrhea
Bisacodyl
GI
Stimulates large bowel motility to increase H2 and electrolytes into intestine
Sometimes combined with PEG
Clean out bowel in short amount of time
Antacids and milk decrease absorption
Take at bedtime
Can cause cramping take at bedtime (PO 8-12 hrs, PR 15 min- 1 hr)
Magnesium Citrate
GI
Caution in renal and heart failure
Osmotic laxative
Sulfadiazine
SKIN
White paste
Use: prevent and treat wound infection in patients with serious burns; stops the growth of bacteria
Nursing action: continue to give medication even if patient has leukopenia
Tretinoin
SKIN
Retin A
Uses: retinoid derivative of vitamin A (cream) used to treat acne and fine wrinkles
Nursing actions: increases sensitivity to sun, cause wind abrasion on skin, causes reddened raw skin, need sunscreen >SPF 15 daily, causes extreme dry skin
Isotrenitoin
SKIN
Accutane
Uses: severe acne, decreases sebum, inflammation
Nursing actions: teratogenic- pregnancy is absolute contraindication for use -> iPledge, risk of behavioral changes, asses for rash
