Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MSS 2 Test 1 > Patho of the Skin DSA 1 > Flashcards

Patho of the Skin DSA 1 Flashcards

(62 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What cells make up the skin histiologically?

A

Squamous epithelial cells, Melanocytes, Dendritic cells, Neural end organs, Sweat glands, Hair follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the jobs of:

1) Squamous epithelial cells
2) Melanocytes
3) Dendritic cells
4) Hair follicles
5) Sweat glands
6) Neural end organs

A

1) Synthesize keratin mechanical barrier, produce cytokines that regulate the environment
2) Produce melanin to screen UV rays
3) process and present antigens to activate immune system
4) elaborate haif shafts and are repositories for stem cells
5) permit cooling
6) detect pain and temp. Merkel cells also reside.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bulla

A

elevated fluid-filled lesion > 5 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Excoriation

A

linear, traumatic epidermal disruption (deep scratch)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lichenification

A

Thick, rough skin w/ prominent skin markings d/t repeated rubbing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Macule

A

Flat, circumscribed area 5mm or more w/ coloration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Onycholysis

A

Separation of a nail from underlying skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nodule

A

Elevated dome shaped lesion > 5mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Papule

A

Elevated lesion > 5 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Plaque

A

flat topped lesion > 5mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pustule

A

Discrete, pus filled raised lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Scale

A

Dry, plaque like excresence d/t cornification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Vesicle

A

Elevated fluid filled lesion 5 mm or more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Wheal

A

Pruritic, elevated, erythematous lesion secondary to dermal edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Acantholysis

A

Loss of intercellular keratinocyte connection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Acanthosis

A

Epidermal hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Dyskeratosis

A

abnormal keratinization below stratum granulosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Erosion

A

Focal incomplete epidermal loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Exocytosis

A

Epidermal inflammatory cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hydropic swelling

A

Intracellular keratinocyte edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hypergranulosis

A

Stratum granulosum hyperplasia d/t rubbing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Hyperkeratosis

A

Stratum corneum thickening w/ abberant keratinization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Lentiginous

A

Linear melanocyte proliferation w/i basal cell layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Papillomatosis

A

Surface elevation d/t dermal papillae hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Parakeratosis
Stratum corneum keratinization w/ nuclei
26
Spongiosis
epidermal intercellular edema
27
Ulceration
Focal, complete epidermal loss
28
Vacuolization
Vacuoles w/i or adjacent to karatinocytes
29
What is Vitiligo? What is the cause?
partial or complete loss of melanocytes in epidermis. caused by Autoimmunity (circulating ab vs melanocytes).
30
What is the morphology of vitiligo?
macules and patches with pigment loss. MC seen in hands/wrists, axillae, perioral/orbital/anogenital. Enlarging white patches of irregular shapes
31
What is the clinical aspects of vitiligo?
Positive for melanocyte associated protein (tyrosinase, Melan-A, S-100). Responds to UV A therapy coupled w/ photosensitizing drug.
32
How is vitiligo different than albinism?
Albinism is a AR dz that can effect eyes and skin. There is a problem in the tyrosinase so it cannot make melanin. OCA-1 = snow white skin/hair/eyes.
33
What is melasma, and what is the cause?
Altered melanocyte functino associated w/ preg, or OCPs. Enhanced pigment transfer to basal keratinocytes. enhanced pigment transfer to basal keratinocytes.
34
What are the 3 histo patterns of melasma? How is it distinguished?
Wood's light. 1) Epidermal: melanin deposited in basal layer 2) Dermal: Melanin pigment incontinence (melanin phagosytosed) 3) Mixed (combo)
35
What is the morphology of melasma?
macules and patches. Located at cheeks, temples, forehead bilaterally. "Mask of pregnancy."
36
What is the clinical aspect of melasma/
Intensified by sunlight but spontaneously resolves.
37
What is ephelis?
Freckles! Increased amts of melanin pigment.
38
What is the morph of ephelis? The Clinical aspects?
Morph: macules. Clinical: They intensify in the summer and fade in winter (cyclic).
39
What is lentigo?
Benign localized linear hyperplasia of melanocytes.
40
What is a solar lentigo?
Sun spot. Occurring in middle aged adults. Do not fade in winter.
41
What is the clinical of lentigo?
Does not darken when exposed to sunlight
42
What is lentigo simplex?
occurs more commonly in children and infancy
43
What are melanocytic nevi?
menalocyte neoplasms, common acquired moles are well-demarcated, uniformly tan-brown papules 6 mm or less.
44
What are the stages that nevi mature through?
Junctional: nests of nevus cells at dermoepidermal junction Compound: nests/cords extending into underlying dermis Dermal: epidermal component lost.
45
What is the pathogenesis of nevi?
nutations in BRAF and NRAS causing a limited period of proliferation, followed by arrest d/t accumulation of p16/INK4a.
46
What is a congenital nevus?
Deep dermal and subQ growth. Present at birth.
47
What is a halo nevus?
Lymphocytic infiltration. Host immune response against nevus cells and surrounding normal melanocytes
48
What is a blue nevi?
dermal infiltration - highly dendritic. Heavily pigmented. Black-blue nodule
49
Spitz nevus
Benign. Before puberty. Pink dome shaped papule.
50
Dysplastic nevus
intraepidermal neests. Atypia. Precursor of malignant melanoma.
51
What is the MC neoplasm?
benign nevus
52
What are the steps of tumor progression in dysplastic nevi?
Melanocytic hyperplasia -> junctional->dysplastic nevus -> early melanoma -> advanced melanoma
53
What is the morphology of dysplastic nevi?
pebbly surface, Show irreg borders and variegation. Phagocytosis of pigment by dermal macrophages.
54
How do you distinguish dysplastic nevi?
pebbly elevated surface against a lighter tan.
55
What are the predisposing factors for malignant melanoma?
Sunlight, pre-existing nevus
56
What is MC in black/asians?
Acral lentiginous melanoma
57
What is the clinical and microscopic appearance of melanoma?
is irregular in contour and pigmentation; histopathology shows aggregates of larger malignant melanocytes within the epidermis
58
What are the ABC's of melanoma?
Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Enlargement
59
What is the radical growth phase of melanoma?
mediated by CDK2NA. cells proliferate laterally. Cannot mets.
60
What is the vertical growth phase of melanoma?
Cells proliferate and infiltrate as nodules. Cells descend into dermis. Mets probability predicted by invasion depth.
61
Explain tumor depth in regards to melanoma
< 1.7mm is good. We use Breslow's levels. < .76 doesn't mets. > 1.7 mets.
62
What is the problem in albinism?
defective production of melanin from tyrosine. melanocytes cannot be distributed to keratinocytes.

MSS 2 Test 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions