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From Flashcardlet > Patho Women's Health > Flashcards

Patho Women's Health Flashcards

1
Q

Granulosa cells

A

Spindle cells that accumulate around primordial ovum and take on epitheloid characteristics, provide nourishment for the ova and secrete oocyte maturation inhibiting factor

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2
Q

Primordial follicle

A

Ovum surrounded by a single layer of granulosa cells

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3
Q

Adrenarche

A

Activation of the adrenal cortex

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4
Q

Gonadarche

A

Activation of the gonads by FSH and LH

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5
Q

Pubarche

A

Appearance of pubic hair

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6
Q

Thelarche

A

Appearance of breast tissue

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7
Q

Menarche

A

Onset of first menstrual period

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8
Q

Tanner classification

A

Stages of female pubertal development

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9
Q

LIN28B

A

A gene that may play an important role in mediating variation of age at menarche

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10
Q

Follicular phase

A

Proliferative phase, begins on day 1 of menses, ends on day of LH surge, ~15 days on average

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11
Q

Luteal phase

A

Secretory phase, begins oh day of LH surge, ends on day 1 of menses, ~13 days on average

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12
Q

Antrum

A

Area formed in a maturing follicle containing follicular fluid secreted by granulosa cells

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13
Q

Theca interna

A

Form around the granulosa cells, produce androgens which are converted to estrogen

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14
Q

Theca externa

A

Connective tissue that forms the capsule of the follicle to keep the ovum confined so pressure can increase to ultimately expel the egg

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15
Q

Stigma

A

Nipple-like protrusion that forms on the surface of the follicle, forms a vesicle and ruptures to expel the oocyte

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16
Q

Corona radiata

A

Granulosa cells that surround the released ovum

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17
Q

Mittelschmerz

A

Pain with ovulation

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18
Q

Androstenedione

A

An androgen produced by theca interna cells

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19
Q

Aromatase

A

Enzyme that facilitates the conversion of androgens to estrogens

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20
Q

Inhibin

A

Secreted by lutein cells, inhibits secretion by the anterior pituitary gland (FSH)

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21
Q

Koilocytes

A

Squamous cells with enlarged, wrinkled, dark nuclei surrounded by a halo, characteristic of HPV infection

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22
Q

Corpus luteum

A

Formed from theca and granulosa cells in the luteal phase (after ovulation)

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23
Q

Corpus albicans

A

Involuted corpus luteum full of fibrous tissue that is formed when fertilization does not occur

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24
Q

Beta estradiol

A

Primary type of estrogen, more potent than estrone or estriol

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25
Q

17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone

A

A type of progestin

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26
Q

Osteoprotegerin

A

AKA osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor, stimulated by estrogen to inhibit bone resorption

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27
Q

Fibrinolysin

A

A substance similar to a plasmin that is released from necrotic endometrium to keep blood in a fluid state without clots

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28
Q

Menopause

A

Obsolescence of ovaries, no estradiol production, free of menstruation for 12 months

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29
Q

Zona pellucida

A

A glycoprotein membrane around the oocyte that binds spermatozoa… At least one sperm must penetrate through this layer for fertilization to occur

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30
Q

Decidua

A

Stimulated by progesterone to evolve from endometrial cells, provide nutrition to placenta tissue

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31
Q

Placental villi

A

Projections sent out by trophoblast cells into which fetal capillaries grow to carry fetal blood

32
Q

hCG

A

Hormone secreted by trophoblasts into mother’s circulation 8-9 days after ovulation

33
Q

Estradiol

A

Hormone produced by corpus luteum and then placenta syncytial trophoblasts… causes enlargement of uterus, external genitalia, and breast tissue, and relaxes the mother’s pelvis ligaments

34
Q

Relaxin

A

Hormone that helps relax pelvis ligaments to prepare a pregnant woman for birthing

35
Q

Progesterone

A

Hormone produced by corpus luteum and then the placenta… decreases contractility of the uterus and increases nutrient-rich fallopian tube and uterine secretions

36
Q

hPL

A

Hormone secreted by the placenta, stimulates development of breast tissue and decreases mother’s insulin sensitivity

37
Q

Parturition

A

Time of delivery of the fetus

38
Q

Miscarriage

A

Pregnancy loss before 20 weeks gestation

39
Q

Aneuploidy

A

Abnormal number of chromosomes

40
Q

Polyploidy

A

> 2 paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes

41
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

Implantation of the fetus in any site other than a normal intrauterine location

42
Q

Cornual pregnancy

A

Implantation of the fetus in the intrauterine portion of the fallopian tube

43
Q

Hematosalpinx

A

Blood-filled fallopian tube

44
Q

Dizygotic twins

A

Fertilization of two ova (fraternal)

45
Q

Monozygotic twins

A

Division of one fertilized ovum (identical)

46
Q

Placenta previa

A

Implantation of the fetus in the lower uterine segment or cervix

47
Q

Placenta accreta

A

Partial or complete absence of decidua with adherence of the placental villous tissue directly to the myometrium and failure of placental separation

48
Q

Placenta increta

A

Placental villous tissue invades the myometrium and penetrates into the muscle

49
Q

Placenta percreta

A

Placental villous tissue penetrates through entire myometrium to the serosa

50
Q

Villitis

A

Hematogenous (transplacental) infection

51
Q

Preeclampsia

A

Systemic syndrome usually in 3rd trimester characterized by widespread maternal endothelial dysfunction presenting with HTN, abnormal edema, and proteinuria

52
Q

Eclampsia

A

Arises if preeclampsia goes unnoticed/untreated, presenting with HTN, abnormal edema, proteinuria, and convulsions

53
Q

HELLP syndrome

A

Hemolysis
Elevated Liver enzymes
Low Platelet count

54
Q

TORCH

A 
Toxoplasmosis
Other
Rubella
CMV
HSV
55
Q

erbB-2

A

Oncogene product that codes for HER2 protein, amplified/overexpressed in gestational trophoblastic diseases

56
Q

Partial mole

A

Single ovum fertilized by two sperm, results in triploid karyotype or occasionally tetraploid

57
Q

Complete mole

A

Empty ovum fertilized by one or two sperm, all genetic material is paternally derived

58
Q

Androgenesis

A

Duplication of the genetic material of one sperm

59
Q

Mesonephric (wolffian) duct

A

Part of male genital anatomy

60
Q

Paramesonephric (mullerian) duct

A

Part of female genital anatomy

61
Q

Rete ridges/pegs

A

Histologic dermatologic finding… absent in lichen sclerosus

62
Q

Condyloma latum

A

Syphilitic benign exophytic anogenital lesion

63
Q

Condyloma acuminatum

A

HPV (6, 11) benign exophytic anogenital lesion

64
Q

E6 protein

A

Part of the HPV virus that interferes with p53 function

65
Q

HPV 16, 18

A

Associated with squamous cell changes, including carcinoma, of the vulva, vagina, and cervix

66
Q

Bowenoid

A

Classic warty type of squamous cell vulvar carcinoma

67
Q

Unicornuate

A

Uterine malformation where the uterus only forms from one of the paired mullerian ducts

68
Q

Arcuate

A

Uterine variation where the fundus displays a concave contour toward the uterine cavity

69
Q

Septate

A

Congenital uterine malformation where the uterine cavity is partitioned by a longitudinal septum

70
Q

Bicornuate

A

Uterine malformation where the cephalic portion of the uterus is bifurcated while the caudal portion is normal

71
Q

Didelphic

A

Uterine malformation where the uterus is present as a paired organ after fusion of the mullerian ducts fails to occur… often present with paired cervices and paired vaginas

72
Q

Gartner

A

Fluid-filled duct cysts derived from wolffian duct rests

73
Q

Botryoide

A

Describes the grape-like appearance of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

74
Q

E7

A

Part of the HPV virus that binds to and interferes with the Rb gene

75
Q

LSIL

A

Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, classification for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN I)

76
Q

HSIL

A

High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, classification for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN II & III)

From Flashcardlet (22 decks)

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