Pathogenicity Flashcards
What 3 things determine if someone is in good health?
- Good physical health (BMI)
- Mental health
- Spiritual health (have a purpose in life)
What’s difference between Pathogenic, Opportunistic pathogen, and virulent?
Pathogenic –> ability to cause disease
Opportunistic pathogen –> can become pathogenic in host w/ weak immune system
Virulent –> has HIGH degree to cause infection. (I.e. Ebola 80% morality)
How do we measure Pathogenicity? What does ID50 mean?
ID50 –> 50% of affected people will die from it
What are the 4 major pathways?
Skin, Mucous membrane, Placenta, Parenteral route (typically IV)
What’s the difference between contamination vs. infection?
Contamination –> mere presence of microbes
Infection –> evaded body’s external defenses, multiplied, and established in the body
3 steps
- Org has to get into host
- don’t allow manifest in body,
- has to have a constant supply of nut’s (can use RNAi, drugs, antibiotics to interfere with REPL & CRIP & LA)
Skin, Inhalation, Ingestion…which requires more endospores to cause an infection?
Ingestion > Inhalation > Skin
List some portals of entry and examples of what could cause it.
Resp’y tract (coughing & sneezing)
Gastrointestinal tract (feces & saliva)
Genitourinary tract (urine & vaginal sec’s)
Skin
Blood (arthropods & needles)
What’s the health problem with being pregnant?
You are immunocompromised!
What does CNV negative mean?
It means your blood is as pure as it gets
What’s the difference between a disease and infection?
Anytime there is an infection, there will be inflammation (-itis)
(Diseases don’t have inflammation!)
WHat is etiology?
The study of causation
What are immunological, Neoplastic (tumor), Infectious, latrogenic, idiopathic, and nosocomial?
Categories of diseases.
Immunological –> hyperactive/hypo active immunity
Neoplastic (tumor) –> abnormal cell growth
Infectious –> caused by an inf
Latrogenic –> caused by med Tx or procedure; are a subgroup of hospital-acquired diseases
Idiopathic –> unknown cause
Nosocomial –> hospital acquired [HospitalAI & CommunityAI]
Which IAs are linked to what malignancies?
HPV –> cervical cancer
H. Pylori –> gastric cancer
Hepatitis B –> liver cancer
What is the 3 step process of Infection?
Enter host
Establish and grow
Constant supply of nut’s
What should you consume when you have a virus?
Zinc and Elderberry
What is intoxication in a microbiological perspective?
Organisms have produced toxins and now those toxins are affecting us
What are the symptoms of intoxication?
Only vomiting!
What are the symptoms of a food borne illness?
Cramps, fever, diarrhea etc etc
Why does intoxication have less symptoms than food borne illness?
Because in a food borne illness the infection has actually entered host, manifested, and got nut’s
What are virulence factors?
Molecules expressed and secreted by pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and Protozoa) that enable them to achieve something…
What are the 3 things to know about Virulence Factors?
- Cell structure
Flagella
Cilia
Fimbriae
2. Toxins
Endotoxins - LPS (cause blood to clot / fever / and something else)
Exotoxins
All different
Different M.O.A.
- Enzymes
Coagulase (end degrading the plasma to form a clot which helps protect the infectious agent)
Hyalurmidase (enz degrades something…[listen to audio]) - Antiphagocytic Properties
Capsule
M-Protein - (surface S. Pyrogenes)
Protein A - (surface of aureus)
(Won’t be able to be engulfed)
What is an endotoxin?
LPS layer!
Exotoxins have ____________ of mechanisms.
All different types
