Pathogens Affecting Cardio/Lymph systems

Question 1

Which virus is associated w/ “owl eyes” inclusions?

Answer 1

Cytomegalovirus

Question 2

Monitoring which antibody is the best method to identify CMV?

Answer 2

IgG

Question 3

(T/F) A positive CMV test > 2-3 weeks after birth control cannot distinguish b/w congenital infection and infection that occurred after birth

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

Which virus is injected into the skin via Aedes aegypti and is associated with jaundice?

Answer 4

yellow fever virus

Question 5

What are the main reservoirs for yellow fever?

Answer 5

nonhuman and human primates

Question 6

(T/F) Pt may viremic 2-4 days prior to sx with yellow fever virus

Answer 6

FALSE; 3-6 days

Question 7

In 15% of pts, the toxic phase is next and includes what type of sx:

Answer 7

Hemorrhagic sx:

• black vomit
• epistaxis
• gum bleeding & purpuric hemorrhages

Question 8

Which antibodies would the ELISA detect for diagnosing yellow fever?

Answer 8

IgM & IgG

Question 9

What tx should you give for yellow fever and what should you NOT give?

Answer 9

give live virus vaccine (YF-Vax)

do NOT give aspirin

Question 10

Which virus is associated with high fever & severe joint pain and is related to viruses causing western and eastern equine encephalitis?

Answer 10

Chikungunya fever

Question 11

What’s transmitted by A.aegypti and is endemic to tropical environments and presents with a rash that usually appears as fever subsides?

Answer 11

Dengue fever

Question 12

The classic hallmark of DHF is evidence of what?

Answer 12

vascular leakage

Question 13

Subcutaneous hemorrhage in DHF can be diagnosed via ELISA of which antibody?

Answer 13

IgM

Question 14

Which virus is transmitted from african monkeys and causes headache, high fever, vomiting blood, profuse bleeding internally/externally?

Answer 14

Marburg virus; green monkey virus

Question 15

What is caused by Arena virus which is found in rodent urine. This disease is similar to Argentine and Bolivian hemorrhagic fever?

Answer 15

Lassa fever

Question 16

Which disease comes from the cave-dwelling fruit bat and is spread by contact w/ infected body fluids?

Answer 16

Ebola hemorrhagic fever (ebola virus)

Question 17

(T/F) Ebola can only be spread to others AFTER sx begin

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What came from chimpanzees and comes from the genus, lentivirus?

Answer 18

HIV

Question 19

HIV is composed of 2 identical strands of RNA, reverse transcriptase, phospholipid envelope. It’s associated with what spikes?

Answer 19

gp120 glycoprotein spikes

Question 20

gp120 combines with which 2 molecules?

Answer 20

gp120 combines w/ CD4+ receptor and CCR5 or CXCR4 co-receptors

Question 21

Active vs Latent infxn for HIV:

Answer 21

Active: new viruses bud from the host cell
Latent: DNA is hidden in chromosome as a provirus

Question 22

(T/F) the HIV virus undergoes rapid antigenic changes and high rate of mutation

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

Which HIV subtype is related to viruses that infect chimpanzees & gorillas?

Answer 23

HIV-1

Question 24

Which HIV subtype is related to viruses that infect monkeys and sootey mangabeys?

Answer 24

HIV-2

Question 25

What occurs in phase 2 of an HIV infxn?

Answer 25

CD4+ T cells decline steadily

Question 26

What occurs in phase 3 of an HIV infxn?

Answer 26

AIDS develops; CD4+ count is below 200 cells/uL

Question 27

(T/F) Once HIV establishes a pool of latently infected CD4+ T cells, it is impossible to clear the infxn

Answer 27

TRUE

Question 28

What is seroconversion?

Answer 28

the period of time b/w infxn and the appearance of antibodies

Question 29

What is determined by PCR or nucleic acid hybridization?

Answer 29

Plasma Viral Load (PVL)

Question 30

For HIV transmission, what type of intercourse is the most dangerous form of sexual contact?

Answer 30

anal-receptive intercourse

Question 31

What 2 drugs can be used to tx AIDS because they prevent fusion/cell entry by targeting the gp41 region of the viral envelope?

Answer 31

Enfuvirtide & Maraviroc

Question 32

What type of therapy uses combinations of drugs to minimize survival of resistant strains?

Answer 32

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

Question 33

Which suffix do HIV integrase inhibitors have?

Answer 33

- "gravir" | - i.e: Raltegravir

Question 34

Which suffix do protease inhibitors have?

Answer 34

"-navir"

Question 35

(T/F) Maturation inhibitors can be used to tx AIDS

Answer 35

TRUE

Question 36

What do tetherins do?

Answer 36

Tether viruses to the cells, preventing their release and spread

Question 37

4th generation tests detect what?

Answer 37

Ab & p24

Question 38

What is PEP for HIV?

Answer 38

3 drug regimen: - tenofovir-emtricitabine+ raltegravir OR - tenofovir-emtricitabine+ atazanavir-ritonavir OR - darunavir-ritonavir

Question 39

An ideal vaccine for HIV would be:

Answer 39

induce immunity before reservoirs of latent virus are established and stimulate production of CTLs

Question 40

Differentiate b/w sarcoma & adenocarcinoma:

Answer 40

sarcoma: cancer of connective tissue | adenocarcinoma; cancers of glandular epithelial tissue

Question 41

what type of viruses become integrated into the host cell's DNA and induce tumors?

Answer 41

oncogenic viruses

Question 42

A transformed cell harbors a ____ on the surface and a ___ in the nucleus

Answer 42

tumor-specific transplant antigen (TSTA); T antigen

Question 43

What can cause ATLL?

Answer 43

HTLV-1 (more clinically significant)

Question 44

what causes hairy cell leukemia?

Answer 44

HTLV-2

Question 45

(T/F) HTLV-1 has a long latency period and infects T cells

Answer 45

True

Question 46

In HTLV-1, T cells express high levels of what?

Answer 46

IL-2R