Pathology

Question 1

types of functional cysts

Answer 1

follicular, corpus luteal, theca luteal

Question 2

gross app of luteal cysts

Answer 2

Lined by a rim of bright yellow
tissue containing luteinized
granulosa cells.

Question 3

corpus luteal cysts also called

Answer 3

haemorrhagic cysts

Question 4

Long term consequences: of pcos

Answer 4

Type II diabetes mellitus

Endometrial hyperplasia/carcinoma

Question 5

marker for screening, monitoring of ovarian tumors

Answer 5

CA-125

Question 6

6 risk factors of ovarian tumors

Answer 6

1.never having been pregnant/ infertility

3 early age of menarche,
4. late menopause as well as
5.endometriosis and
6.PCOS,
7.brca1 and
brca 2 mutation

Question 7

reduced risk of ovarian cancers

Answer 7

having children, breastfeeding, oral and contraceptive use can decrease the risk due to the inhibition of ovulation

Question 8

classification of ovarian tumors

Answer 8

epithelial ovarian tumors, germ cell, sex-cord stromal tumors,

Question 9

classification of surface epithelial tumors

Answer 9

serous, mucinous, endometroid, brenner

Question 10

age group for cystadenomas

Answer 10

premenopausal women bw 30 to 40 years

Question 11

serous cystadenomas diff than mucinous cystsadenomas

Answer 11

1. seous ones are mostly bilateral
2. have lined with fallopian tube-like epithelium. while m.c have mucin secreting epitelium

Question 12

histological feature of serous cysadenocarcinoma

Answer 12

psammoma bodies (concentric lamellated calcified structures

Question 13

Cystadenocarcinomas age group

Answer 13

post menopausal women

Question 14

Pseudomyxoma peritonei?

Answer 14

. (false mucinous tumor of
the peritoneum/Jelly Belly cancer)Cancer of the
appendix metastasize to ovaries.

Question 15

endometriod tumors result in what type of cysts

Answer 15

chocolate brown cysts due to acc of blood and other contents

Question 16

brenner tumor histo?

Answer 16

A nest of transitional-like cells (urogenital epithelium)
is embedded in a dense, fibrous stroma.

Question 17

classification of germ cell tumors

Answer 17

dysgerminomas, yolk sac, choriocarcinoma, teratomas

Question 18

struma ovarii causes

Answer 18

hyperthyroidism

Question 19

markers of germ cell tumors

Answer 19

yolk sac- alpha feto prtein
choriocarcinoma- b-hcg
dysgerminoma- elevated estrogen, ldh and hcg are tumor markers

Question 20

Krukenberg tumors?

Answer 20

from the gastrointestinal system, most often a metastatic diffuse gastric carcinoma that metastasized to the ovaries.
these ovarian tumors are mucin-secreting and have signet ring cells// bilateral ovarian involvement

Question 21

5 clinical features of ovarian tumors?

Answer 21

1. changes in bowel habits and
2. pelvic discomfort that ranges from a pulling sensation in the groin,
3. fullness or bloating in the pelvis or abdomen,
4. dull, aching lower abdominal or pelvic pain, especially in the case of large tumors, like cystic teratomas.
5. Large tumors can even cause ovarian torsion, where the ovary twists around the suspensory ligament. Since this ligament contains the ovarian blood vessels, torsion can cut off the blood supply to the ovary, resulting in sudden, sharp and severe, acute pelvic pain and ovarian ischemia.

Question 22

cf of r polycystic ovary syndrome and Sertoli- Leydig cell tumors

Answer 22

amenorrhea, acne, and hirsutism, or excessive hair growth on the chin and upper lip, chest, and back

Question 23

cf of Endometriomas

Answer 23

dysmenorrhea, or painful menstruation, and are associated with fertility issues.

Question 24

Granulosa or theca cell tumors cf

Answer 24

Prior to puberty, this results in precocious puberty, which is when signs of puberty appear before the age of 8 in females. In reproductive age, it can cause menorrhagia and metrorrhagia. And post-menopause, which is when most granulosa or theca cell tumors present, they can present with endometrial hyperplasia with uterine bleeding

Question 25

metastasis of ovarian cancer

Answer 25

ascites, abdominal masses, abdominal distension, bowel obstruction, lymph node masses, or pleural effusion. An especially high-yield clue for metastatic ovarian cancer is also a Sister Mary Joseph nodule, which are bumps found around the umbilicus or belly button. However, it’s extremely important to remember that in most cases, Sister Mary Joseph nodules are associated with gastric cancer.

Question 26

inhibin B raised in which ovarian tumor

Answer 26

granulosa cell tumor

Question 27

what is Embryonal carcinoma

Answer 27

Malignant tumor of
Primitive embryonal
cells

Question 28

which ot is Counterpart of testicular
seminoma.

Answer 28

Dysgerminoma

Question 29

Endodermal Sinus tumor histo feature

Answer 29

Presence of Schiller Duval
bodies

Question 30

granulomas and thecomas age group

Answer 30

post menopausal women

Question 31

(androblastoma) also called

Answer 31

Sertoli-leydig cell

Question 32

fibroma is associated with what syndrome

Answer 32

Meigs syndrome:
Fibroma with
hydrothorax, and ascites