pathology

Question 1

BIRADS categories

Answer 1

0
1
2
3
4
4A
4B
4C
5
6

Question 2

BIRADS 0

Answer 2

incomplete- need additional imaging

Question 3

BIRADS 1

Answer 3

negative

Question 4

BIRADS 2

Answer 4

benign

Question 5

BIRADS 3

Answer 5

probably benign. FU in 6m

Question 6

BIRADS 4

Answer 6

suspicious
4A- low suspicion
4B- moderate
4C- high

Question 7

BIRADS 5

Answer 7

highly suggestive of malignancy

Question 8

BIRADS 6

Answer 8

proven malignancy

Question 9

a mass found during a mammo will typically be described according to what 3 things

Answer 9

shape, density and margin

Question 10

when the density in a mass is ___, it is suspicious of cancer

Answer 10

high

Question 11

3 mass shapes

Answer 11

round
oval
irregular

Question 12

5 mass margins

Answer 12

circumscribed-round
indistinct-not like any other
spiculated-fingers growing off
obscured-partly seen
micro lobulated-bumpy

Question 13

3 benign mass margins

Answer 13

circumscribed-round
obscured-partly seen
micro lobulated- bumpy

Question 14

3 malignant mass margins

Answer 14

micro lobulated- bumpy
indistinct-not like any other
spiculated-fingers growing off

Question 15

calcifications randomly throughout the breast

Answer 15

diffuse

Question 16

calcifications occupying a large portion of the breast

Answer 16

regional

Question 17

few calcifications occupying a small portion of the breast

Answer 17

grouped

Question 18

calcifications arranged in a line

Answer 18

linear

Question 19

calcification deposits in a duct and their branches

Answer 19

segmental

Question 20

calcifications in scar tissue

Answer 20

dystrophic

Question 21

calcifications typically benign (8)

Answer 21

round
dystrophic
skin calcifications
vascular calcifications
rimed/halo
milk of calcium
rod like
popcorn

Question 22

calcifications so small and/or hazy that a more specific shape cannot be determined. about 20% biopsied are malignant

Answer 22

amorphous or indistinct

Question 23

irregular calcifications that are clearly visible. about 15% biopsied are malignant

Answer 23

course heterogeneous

Question 24

calcifications usually more clearly visible than amorphous forms and are seen to have individual, separate and distinct shapes, without fine linear branching. about 25-40% chance of malignantcy

Answer 24

fine pleomorphic

Question 25

thin, linear irregular calcifications, may be discontinuous, occasionally branching forms can be seen

Answer 25

fine linear/fine linear branching

Question 26

a mass with a sac like pocket that contains fluid, air or other substances often circumscribed and can be seen through

Answer 26

cyst

Question 27

smooth, thin walls and are filled with fluid. US waves pass right through them, indicating there are no solid areas. always benign

Answer 27

simple cysts

Question 28

contain something besides clear fluid. usually indicates close follow up and sometimes biopsy

Answer 28

complex/complicated cysts

Question 29

a milk filled cyst common in pregnant or breast feeding women; occur more after breast feeding has stopped; benign

Answer 29

galactocele

Question 30

benign tumors composed of stromal and epithelial elements

Answer 30

fibroadenoma

Question 31

a pocket of fat that is encapsulated by a thin fibrous capsule; more common in post menopausal women

Answer 31

lipoma

Question 32

results from a benign proliferation of fibrous, glandular, and fatty tissue. surrounded by a thin capsule of connective tissue. though of as a breast within a breast.

Answer 32

hamartoma (fibroadenolipoma)

Question 33

when the lactiferous duct widens, the duct walls thicken and the duct fills with fluid; the milk duct may become blocked or clogged with a thick sticky substance. green black discharge

Answer 33

ductal ectasia

Question 34

a blood filled swelling caused by trauma to the breast. common after biopsy. not cancerous. can sometimes lead to inflammation, fever, skin discoloration. may leave behind scar tissue that mimics the shape of a breast tumor

Answer 34

hematoma

Question 35

mostly occurs because of a complication of mastitis

Answer 35

breast abscess and inflammation

Question 36

damaged or dead tissue; can happen following needle biopsy or surgery; feels like a firm round painless lump; usually goes away by itself

Answer 36

fat necrosis (oil cyst)

Question 37

small clumps of immune cells that act as filters for the lymphatic system

Answer 37

lymph nodes

Question 38

a common disorder of the endocrine system in which there is a noncancerous increase in the size of male breast tissue; can be caused by marijuana

Answer 38

gynecomastia

Question 39

an area of hardening of the breast tissue that can occur as the breast ages; can radiologically mimic malignancy due to its speculated configuration

Answer 39

radial scar

Question 40

a tumor growing in the ducts inside the nipple with finger like fronds; benign and high risk; felt as a small lump near the nipple; may cause bleeding/discharge; requires surgery to remove

Answer 40

papilloma

Question 41

cells that look like cancer cells are growing in the lobules but dont grow through the walls of the lobules; not considered a cancer; increases risk of cancer

Answer 41

lobular carcinoma LCIS

Question 42

increased cellular activity in the ducts or lobes and surrounding tissue. cells have an irregular or nonstandard structure; not a form of BCA but a risk factor

Answer 42

atypical ductal or atypical lobular hyperplasia

Question 43

the presence of abnormal cells inside a milk duct; considered the earliest form of breast cancer; noninvasive, meaning it hasn't spread out of the milk duct to invade other parts of the breast

Answer 43

ductal carcinoma in situ

Question 44

cancer that began growing in the duct and breaks the wall of the duct and grows into the fatty tissue of the breast; the most common form of breast cancer representing 80% of all diagnoses

Answer 44

invasive/infiltrating ductal carcinoma

Question 45

breast cancer that begins in the lobules of the breast; the cancer cells have broken out of the lobule and have the potential to spread; typically doesn't form a lump; instead, there is a change in the breast that feels like a thickening or fullness in one part and is different from the surrounding tissue

Answer 45

invasive lobular carcinoma

Question 46

a rare and very aggressive cancer in which the cells block lymph vessels in the skin of the breast; usually starts with reddening and swelling of the breast instead of a lump. a patient may also have warmth, orange peel skin, swelling of lymph nodes, flattening or inversion of the nipple or aching and burning breasts

Answer 46

inflammatory carcinoma

Question 47

malignant cells extend from the lactiferous ducts to nipple; patient presents with nipple/areolar thickening; associated with or without a mass; can be in situ or invasive. very rare

Answer 47

paget's disease

Question 48

cancers arising from connective tissue such as fat, nerves, muscles, cartilage, blood vessels or bone; very rare; begins in the connective tissue that supports the ducts and lobules; presents as a large non-spiculated dense mass

Answer 48

sarcoma

Question 49

a neoplasm which originates in lymph tissue; it is not actually breast cancer but can be difficult to distinguish from BCA in its early stages; most common symptoms are a painless mass- in right outer quadrant; may have enlarged lymph nodes in neck or armpits

Answer 49

lymphoma