positioning

Question 1

may be needed to include normal anatomy; may be obtained at the time of screening without radiologist approval

Answer 1

supplemental views

Question 2

the most common supplemental view

Answer 2

XCCL

Question 3

detailed imaging evaluation of specified areas; radiologist directed; locate/triangulate specific lesion

Answer 3

diagnostic view

Question 4

most common diagnostic view

Answer 4

90 lateral; ML/LM

Question 5

orthogonal view used in triangulation; demonstrates benign milk of calcium; resolves superimposition of glandular tissue; detector corner in posterior 3rd aspect of axilla

Answer 5

mediolateral ML

Question 6

a view that demonstrates lateral lesions

Answer 6

ML mediolateral

Question 7

orthogonal view used to triangulate lesion location; demonstrates benign milk of calcium; resolves superimposition of glandular structures; detector corner at sternal notch

Answer 7

lateromedial LM

Question 8

a view that demonstrates medial lesions

Answer 8

lateromedial LM

Question 9

why don’t we do cc ml for screening?

Answer 9

lateral imaging will not get as much superior/posterior tissue as the mlo

Question 10

views done in 2D when a mass or asymmetry is seen on only one view and the rad needs a way to decipher where the lesion is located

Answer 10

triangulation

Question 11

3 views for triangulation- in order

Answer 11

CC MLO ML
or
ML MLO CC

Question 12

2 rolled views

Answer 12

CC or MLO

Question 13

means only seen in one view

Answer 13

asymmetry

Question 14

means seen on both views

Answer 14

focal asymmetry

Question 15

on CC- lesion is lateral. therefore true lesion location is going to be ____ then appears on MLO

Answer 15

lower

Question 16

on CC lesion is medial; therefore true lesion location is going to be ____ than appears on MLO

Answer 16

higher

Question 17

XCCL

Answer 17

exaggerated craniocaudal lateral

Question 18

CR for an XCCL view

Answer 18

0-5 degrees toward lateral side

Question 19

demonstrates anatomy that may extend to the outer aspect of the breast not visualized by standard CC. ideal for patients with prominent tail of spence and glandular extensions

Answer 19

XCCL

Question 20

ideal for visualizing extreme posterior/medial anatomy

Answer 20

XCCM

Question 21

visualize anatomy and pathology in the deep posterior and medial aspect of both breasts

Answer 21

cleavage view

Question 22

purpose is to demonstrate entire axillary tail and most of lateral breast; demonstrate clips placed deep in axillary region; may be used as supplemental view for greater tissue inclusion for patients with special circumstances

Answer 22

axillary tail AT

Question 23

the angle used for an axillary tail should put the muscle _____ to the IR

Answer 23

parallel

Question 24

used to separate superimposed breast tissue; to confirm the presence of an abnormality; to determine the location of finding seen on only one standard view; used to figure out if lesion is in superior or inferior tissue

Answer 24

rolled medial or lateral

Question 25

rolled CC if lesion is in the superior portion of the breast, the lesion will roll the ______ direction as the superior half of the breast

Answer 25

same

Question 26

rolled CC if lesion is in the inferior portion of the breast, the lesion will roll the _____ direction as the superior half of the breast

Answer 26

opposite

Question 27

used to separate superimposed breast tissue; confirm the presence of a lesion; determine the location of finding seen on only 1 view; used to figure out if lesion is in the medial or lateral tissue

Answer 27

rolled inferior or supperior

Question 28

done when tech cannot get the anterior portion completely compressed

Answer 28

anterior compression AC

Question 29

purpose- greater reduction in thickness, reduces OID, displaces tissue overlying ROI, improves definition for more detailed evaluation of asymmetry, architectural distortion or density; centering of lesion important for lesion detail

Answer 29

spot compression s/sp/spot

Question 30

best if done with a 2 minute delay when looking at calcifications; moderate compression then full compression

Answer 30

mag ML

Question 31

best for evaluating characteristics of calcifications; may be used to characterized masses, asymmetries or architectural distortion

Answer 31

mag

Question 32

for palpable lesions that are not visualized or obscured by glandular tissue; maneuver places the lump directly over subcutaneous fat which allows visualization; place bb over lump

Answer 32

tangential TAN

Question 33

purpose to verify whether mammographic calcifications are located in the skin; use open grid compression paddle to place bb then use spot mag

Answer 33

tangential TAN

Question 34

implants: greater risk of deflating; greater risk of ripples; filled with sterile salt water; inserted empty and filled once placed; radiolucent with a valve

Answer 34

saline

Question 35

implants: autoimmune controversy; greater risk of capsular contracture (15-40%); prefilled; mimics human fat; looks and feels the most natural; difficult to determine if leaking; radiopaque

Answer 35

silicone gel

Question 36

scar tissue that distorts the shape of the breast implant

Answer 36

capsular contracture

Question 37

3 placements for breast implants

Answer 37

subfacial subglandular- behind glandular tissue subpectoral- best for mammos

Question 38

most common complication of breast implants; thin layer of scar tissue develops and tightens around the implant

Answer 38

capsular contracture

Question 39

envelope rupture of an implant inside the fibrous capsule

Answer 39

intracapsular rupture

Question 40

envelope and capsule rupture and implant leaks into surrounding tissue

Answer 40

extracapsular rupture

Question 41

another name for implant displacement view

Answer 41

eklund view

Question 42

a very rare cancer of the immune system; not a breast cancer; generally a slow moving cancer that often can be treated by removing breast implants and scar tissue

Answer 42

breast implant associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma BIA-ALCL

Question 43

pectus excavatum? challenge?

Answer 43

depressed sternum exclusion of medial tissue

Question 44

pectus carinatum? challenges?

Answer 44

protruding sternum exclusion of medial and lateral tissue

Question 45

post surgical irradiated breast challenges

Answer 45

tenderness; scar tissue; posterior surgical beds, distortion, fat necrosis/calcifications

Question 46

reduction mammoplasty challenges

Answer 46

exclusion of medial tissue, nipple position, post surgical changes

Question 47

male mammography challenges

Answer 47

missed superior and posterior tissue

Question 48

kyphosis/lordosis challenges

Answer 48

head position interfering with CC. limits medial tissues

Question 49

protruding abdomen challenges

Answer 49

tissue exclusion may occur posterior and inferior

Question 50

large breasts challenges

Answer 50

excluded tissue, uneven compression, drooping, skin folds

Question 51

extremely small breasts challenges

Answer 51

tissue slips out from under paddle, superior tissue missed

Question 52

lactating breasts challenge

Answer 52

engorged; locular and ductal dilation

Question 53

implanted devices challenge

Answer 53

optimal compression across whole breast