Pathology Flashcards
(157 cards)
1
Q
If the speed of sound through silicone is one-half the speed of sound through soft tissue, the ultrasound system will improperly place the chest wall behind the silicone
A
Too deep
2
Q
Which is considered a non-invasive breast cancer?
A
Ductal carcinoma in situ
3
Q
Which margins of a tumor likely represents a benign disease
A
Circumscribed
4
Q
In women, breast metastasis from another primary most likely comes from
A
Melanoma
5
Q
Which type of breast cancer is most frequently missed by mammography and sonography?
A
ILC
6
Q
Micro-invasion of DCIS is best described as
A
Cancer cells found outside the duct with an intact basement membrane
7
Q
In comparison to fat, which of the following accurately describes the echogenicity of most benign lessons?
A
Mildly hypoechoic, isoechoic, or mildly hyperechoic
8
Q
Where do most breast cancers originate?
A
In the TDLU
9
Q
A desmoplastic tissue response surrounding a breast cancer may cause
A
A palpable area to feel larger than the actual tumor size
10
Q
What signifies silicone migration?
A
Silicone granulomas, silionized lymph nodes, snowstorm siliconoma
11
Q
Inspissated is sometimes used to describe the type of fluid seen within a cyst or duct. Inspissated means.
A
Thickened or congealed
12
Q
Breast cancer risks increase due to
A
Early onset of menses
13
Q
What is another name for “swiss cheese” disease?
A
Benign juvenile papillomatosis
14
Q
The following tumors may metastasize to the breast
A
Opposite breast, melanoma, prostate cancer
15
Q
A dark greenish nipple discharge likely represents what condition?
A
Fibrocystic changes
16
Q
The most effective imaging modality for detecting Ductal Carcinoma in situ is
A
Mammography
17
Q
Which breast cancer is likely to be more multifocal and/or multicentric on initial diagnosis?
A
ILC
18
Q
Fibrocystic changes are usually seen on sonography as
A
Multiple cysts or a cluster of cysts
19
Q
Tumor vessels, formed by angiogenesis, have only 2 layers to their walls. Name them
A
Intima and media
20
Q
A postmenopausal, slow growing breast cancer composed of gelatinous substance is likely
A
Colloid carcinoma
21
Q
Oil cysts typically develop along with what primary condition?
A
Fat necrosis
22
Q
Most common non-invasive breast cancer
A
DCIS
23
Q
The most common cancer in women today is
A
Breast
24
Q
Gynecomastia
A
Male breast enlargement
25
What does the fluid look like when you aspirate a sebaceous cyst?
Oily
26
Breast cancer arising from the lobule contained within the lobule best describes
LCIS
27
Appearance of a lymph node on ultrasound as it becomes cancer invaded is best described as
Enlarged with loss of fatty hilum
28
Multicentric breast cancer is
One primary cancer found bilaterally
29
Where does a fibroadenoma arise from
TDLU
30
Which types of calcifications likely represent a benign disease
Rim or eggshell calcifications
31
Most frequently missed breast cancer by mammo and ultrasound is
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma
32
BIRADS category 3 means
Probably benign- short term f/u or biopsy
33
Duct extension is a type of radial extension of tumor invasion into the ducts. What makes it unique
It courses toward the nipple
34
Paget’s disease causes what specific appearance of the skin or areola
Flaky, crusty, red
35
What pathology arises from the TDLU
Cyst
36
What is the speed of sound in silicone relative to fat?
Slower
37
Tissue response due to localized tumor invasion is best described as
Desmoplasia
38
The two surgical sites for implant locations are
Subglandular and subpectoral
39
What causes precocious puberty?
Early production of gonadotropin that comes from the pituitary gland
40
Tumor extension growing along the ducts toward the nipple indicates?
Duct extension
41
What age group is more likely to have breast cysts?
40 year old females
42
Breast Cancer spread through the axillary lymph nodes progesses through level 1, then level 2, then level 3. What muscle differentiates these levels?
Pectoralis minor
43
A breast cancer with a homogeneous, circumscribed, oval appearance on sonography.
Medullary carcinoma
44
Milky nipple discharge in the non-lactating and non pregnant female is known as.
Glactorrhea
45
A complicated cyst
Is likely benign and requires no biopsy
46
Fibroadenomyolipoma is also known as
Hamartoma
47
A superficial lesion seen extending from the dermis is likely a
Sebaceous cyst
48
Typical sites for breast cancer spread include
Bone, lung, liver, lymph nodes
49
Spread of breast cancer through the lymphatic vessels that is rapid and diffuse with a poor prognosis most likely describes.
Inflammatory carcinoma
50
Which quadrant is breast cancer most likely to be found?
Upper-outer
51
Male breast cancer makes up approximately _____% of all breast cancers diagnosed annually.
1
52
The most common cancer affecting women is?
Breast cancer
53
BIRADS category 0 means
Inconclusive findings- needs further imaging
54
Aggressive intraductal thmor
Comedo DCIS
55
Puerperal mastitis mean inflammation of the..
Lactating patient
56
Which characteristic is considered highly sensitive for a malignant finding?
Angular margins
57
Doppler signal recorded within the solid component of a complex cystic structure likely indicates a?
Papilloma
58
Benign lesions have what kind of border thickness
Thin, pseudocapsule
59
Pathologies that arise from the TDLU
Fibroadenoma, carcinomas, cysts
60
Low grade and high grade DCIS
Also known as non-comedo and comedo.
Both are contained within the lactiferous
Distinguishing factor between the too is necrosis
61
The taller-than- wide characteristic of malignancies implies the tumor is
Invading tissue plans
62
Largest percentage of breast cancers are found in the _______ quadrant with the second most common location in the _______
Upper outer; retroareaola
63
A thick echogenic halo or host response surrounding a breast cancer is likely
Desmoplasia
64
A thick echogenic halo or host response surrounding a breast cancer is likely
Desmoplasia
65
Mucinous carcinoma of the breast can best be described as
Slow growing tumor composed of gelatin substance
66
Classic appearance of the skin seen with inflammatory carcinoma is
Peau d’orange
67
Why is BIRADS used?
Consistent reporting and allows QA follow-up
68
A collection of serous fluid typically following an invasive procedure.
Seroma
69
A hamartoma is a benign breast tumor also known as
Fibroadenolipomo
70
PASH stands for ______ and is benign. It arises from _____.
Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia; stromal tissue
71
What are signs of breast implant rupture?
Asymmetric size decrease
Hardening of the breast
Tenderness or burning sensation
72
A cyst is what BIRADS category?
Category 2
73
Common type of breast tumor is benign, solid, and may respond to hormone influence?
Fibroadenoma
74
Common sites for metastasis of breast cancer?
Lung, bone, opposite breast
75
The wider than tall characteristic of benign lesions implies the tumor is?
Not invading tissue planes and is contained within its original tissue layer
76
Fat necrosis is common in.
Post surgical biopsy sites
Post lumpectomy sites
Obese women
77
A breast lesion commonly seen in the subareolar location with a raspberry appearance and duct dilitation most likely represents a?
Papilloma
78
Multicentric carcinoma
Should warrant a whole breast ultrasound
79
Characteristics of a large, coarse calcification seen om mammography or sonography
Nicknamed popcorn calcification
Typically seen with benign disease
Often seen with degenerating fibroadenoma
80
Most common invasive breast cancer is.
IDC
81
BIRADS category 4 includes the subcategories of?
4a - 2% to 10%
4b - 10% to 50%
4c - 50% to 95%
82
Most likely imaging presentation of DCIS
Micro calcifications with or without mass
83
Fibroadenomas shape is
Ellipsoid, wider than tall, oval
84
Breast enlargement in men
Gynecomastia
85
Bloody nipple discharge also also having serous fluid presenting as a pink color can be described as
Serosanguineous
86
Most common palpable structure of the breast mistaken for a mass
Fibroglandular ridge of tissue
87
A breast cancer that originates and fills the entire lobule with extension beyond the lobule best describes
Invasive lobular carcinoma
88
BIRADS category 5
Malignant > 95% likelihood
89
Consistency of a fibroadenoma is best described as
Rubbery
90
An implant complication demonstrating the “snowstorm” sign represents
Extracapsular rupture on sonography
91
Most benign tumors appear hypoechoic or isoechoic compared to fat
True
92
BIRADS means
Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System
93
What is a gel bleed?
Silicone passing through an intact implant into surrounding tissues
94
What is a gel bleed?
Silicone passing through an intact implant into surrounding tissues
95
Types of breast carcinomas
Mucinous, medullary, tubular
96
A/P dimension in comparison to transverse denotes what about malignancies?
Spread may be crossing through tissue planes
97
Most common tumor to metastasize to the breast is
Melanoma
98
Features of malignant masses include
Angular margins, taller than wide, posterior shadowing
99
Breast cancer likely to have a suspicious, irregular border
Idc
100
Nearly all breast pathology arises from the
TDLU
101
The second most common non-invasive cancer is
LCIS
102
Invasive lobular cacinoma accounts for what percentage of all breast cancers?
10-12. %
103
Branch pattern is a type of radial extension of tumor invasion into the ducts. What makes it unique is…
It is coursing away from the nipple
104
Thrombophlebitis of a superficial vein of the breast
Mondor’s disease
105
A milk-filled cyst caused by the obstruction of a lactiferous duct
Galactocele
106
Newly acquired nipple inversion is a sign of
Breast cancer
107
Intracapsular silicone rupture from an implant is confirmed by visualizing
Stepladder sign on sonography
108
When scanning the subglandular implant, the sonographer should evaluate the.
The edges of the implant, breast tissue anterior to the implant, internal aspect of the implant
109
Features associated with malignant breast cancer on ultrasound
Microlobulations, partial shadowing, duct extension
110
Most common symptom of intraductal papilloma is
Bloody nipple discharge
111
Normal breast tissue without abnormal findings?
BIRADS category 1
112
Male menopause around age 50
Andropause
113
When a malignancy has the ability to promote new blood supply, this is called ______ and the new vessels are called ______.
Angiogenesis; tumor vessels
114
Known biopsy- proven malignancy
BIRADS category 6
115
Two cancers found within 5cm distance is.
Multifocal breast cancer
116
The only true encapsulated breast mass is
Lipoma
117
The malignancy rate of a complex cyst is approximately ___%, therefore biopsy is warranted
25%
118
Arises from the TDLU due to fibrosis and scarring of the ductal epithelium, usually results from hormone influences, and typically occurs in women ages 35-50.
Simple cysts of the breast
119
Fibroadenomas are more common to which patient population
Black women
120
Angular tumors are
Suspicious for malignancy
121
Most breast cancers originate in the
TDLU
122
Low grade, slow growing tumor is best described as
Non-comedo DCIS
123
In comparison to fat, what accurately describes the echogenicity of most malignant lesions?
Mildly to markedly hypoechoic
124
In what layer of the breast are most cancers found?
Mammary or glandular zone
125
Epidermal inclusion cyst is also known as a
Subaceous cyst
126
Breast enlargement in young girls prior to age 8 describes
Precocious puberty
127
When breast cancer spreads to the lymph nodes, which of the following groups carries the worst prognosis
Level 3 axillary
128
The most common cause of precocious puberty is
Ovarian enlargement and hyperstimulation
129
Sonography misses malignant masses in patients with implants how often?
Infrequently
130
Intracapsular rupture is indicated by what sign
The stepladder sign
131
A large leaf-like breast mass with poly-lobulations most likely indicates
A phyllodes tumor
132
Juvenile papillomatosis most likely presents as a
Large swiss cheese appearing mass
133
The long axis of a fibroadenoma typically lies
Parallel to the chest wall
134
Medullary carcinoma most likely resembles what other breast pathology
Fibroadenoma
135
An epidermal inclusion cyst associated with the montgomery glands of the areola is likely filled with
Sebum
136
Classic characteristics of a simple cyst
Acoustic enhancement
137
A superficial, sebum-filled lesion seen in the inframammary fold likely represents
Sebaceous cyst
138
Tumor extension growing along the ducts away from the nipple indicates
Branch pattern
139
Most common age for cysts to develop in the breast
35-50
140
Thrombophlebitis occurring of a superficial vein in the breast is also known as
Mondor’s disease
141
Breast cancer risks decrease due to
Multiple pregnancies
142
Breast cancers that arise from the TDLU
Medullary carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, DCIS
143
Which types of calcifications likely represent a malignant disease?
Linear branching pattern
144
What breast cancer has been associated with the radial scar?
Tubular
145
Stages of the development of breast cancer in progressive nature
Normal epithelium to hyperplasia to IS cancer to invasive cancer to metastasis
146
NOS in invasive ductal carcinoma, NOS means
Not otherwise Specified
147
Medullary breast cancer is considered
A carcinoma
148
Stepladder sign
Intracapsular silicone rupture
149
Breast cancer most frequently spreads by
Hematogenous or blood stream
150
Two lesions involving a single breast cancer are found in the same quadrant of the breast, the cancer is said to be
Multifocal
151
A lactating female presents with skin redness, tenderness, pain and swelling of the breast. The most likely diagnosis is
Puerperal mastitis
152
Phyllodes tumors generally present as a large, hypoechoic mass shaped like a
Leaf
153
Breast enlargement in the neonate or newborn is likely due to
Placental or maternal hormone stimulation
154
Fibroadenomas are
Aestrogen related, arises from the TDLU, increases incidence in black females
155
A galactocele has what type of fluid
Milky
156
Intracapsular implant rupture may be seen on MRI as
Linguine sign
157
The second most common breast cancer overall is
DCIS
