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Pathology 2.0 Flashcards

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1
Q

most common associated cancer with dermatomyositis

A

adenocarcinomas esp ovarian

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2
Q

paraneoplastic syndrome - sudden onset of multiple seborrheic keratoses

A

leser-trelat
associated with GI adenocarcinomas

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3
Q

describe presentation of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

A

abdnormal proliferation of skin and bone at distal extremities –> clubbing, arthralgia, joint effusions, periostosis of tubular bone

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4
Q

mechanism by which lymphoma causes hypercalcaemia

A

increases vitamin D

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5
Q

tumours which can cause raised erythropoeitin

A

phaeochromocytoma
renal cell carcinoma
hepatocellular carcinoma
haemangioblastoma
leiomyoma

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6
Q

what is trousseau syndrome and commonly associated tumours

A

migratory thrombophlebitis
associated with adenocarcinomas especially pancreatic

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7
Q

what type of cancer is associated with nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis

A

adenocarcinomas especially pancreatic

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8
Q

what tumour is associated with paraneoplastic syndrome of myaesthenia gravis

A

thymoma

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9
Q

mechanism of paraneoplastic cerebellar ataxia and tumour associated with it

A

antibodies against antigens in purkunji cells
small cell lung cancer (anti-Hu), gynae and breast cancers (anti-Yo), hodgkins lymphoma (anti-Tr)

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10
Q

mechnism of paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis and tumour associated with it

A

antibodies against Hu antigens on neurons
small cell lung cancer

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11
Q

presentation of paraneoplastic anti-NMDA encephalitis and tumour asssociated with it

A

psychiatric disturbance, memory deficits, seizures, dyskinesias, autonomic instability, language dysfunction

ovarian teratoma

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12
Q

paraneoplastic syndrome – ‘dancing feet dancing eyes’ and tumour found in

A

opsoclonus-myoclonus ataxia syndrome

neuroblastomas (children)
small cell lung cancer (adults)

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13
Q

what cancer is tumour suppressor gene DCC found in

A

colorectal cancer
DCC - deleted in colorectal cancer

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14
Q

what cancer is tumour suppressor gene SMAD4 (DPC4) found in

A

DPC - deleted in pancreatic cancer

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15
Q

what cancers have tumour suppressor gene PTEN

A

P - Prostate
T - breasT
EN - ENdometrial

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16
Q

what cancers have tumour suppressor gene RB1

A

retinoblastoma
osteosarcoma

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17
Q

what are the gene products of TSC1 and TSC2

A

found in tuberous sclerosis
TSC1 (chromosome 9) hamartin protein
TSC2 (chromosome 16) tuberin

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18
Q

gene product of WT1 and tumour found in

A

urogenital development transcription factor
Wilms tumour

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19
Q

gene product of VHL and tumour found in

A

inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor 1a
Von-Hipple Lindau disease

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20
Q

persistent activation of stellate cells on liver biopsy

A

Liver cirrhosis

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21
Q

mallory bodies on liver biopsy

A

alcoholic hepatitis

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22
Q

regenerative nodules surrounded by fibrous bands on liver biopsy

A

cirrhosis

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23
Q

how does haemochromatosis cause iron overload

Study These Flashcards
A

due to excessive absorption of iron in the GI tract

24
Q

bone marrow biopsy that shows cells with abundant cytoplasm

Study These Flashcards
A

hairy cell leukaemia

25
what is the most common Ig over produced in multiple myeloma
IgG > IgM > Ig light chains
26
features of Waldenstrom macroglobinaemia
over production of IgM > IgG B symptoms, bone marrow failure (anaemia, infections), hyperviscosity
27
what pathway will be affected in schizophrenia
mesolimbic pathway
28
what thyroid cancer extends through the capsule on histology
follicular
29
what thyroid cancer shows cells with empty nuclei with central clearing
papillary (orphan annies)
30
what thyroid cancer stains congo red
medullary - sheets of polyglonal cells in an amyloid stroma
31
Ca, phosphorus and ALP levels in bone mets
hypercalcaemia low phosphate high ALP
32
what type of T cell in polymyositis
CD8 T cell inflammation
33
karyotype of a complete mole
46 XX or 46 XY
34
what effect would sepsis have on CO, SVR and PCWP
CO increases SVR and PCWR reduced
35
pathophysiology of HSP
type III hypersensitivity systemic vasculitis caused by circulating igA immune complexes
36
most common site of metastasis in Wilms tumour
liver and lung
37
urinary Na and fraction of excretion of Na in pre renal AKI
urinary Na < 20, Fraction of excretion < 1%, urinary OSMOLALITY > 500
38
histologic feature of carcinoid tumours
cells with dense core granules
39
karytope of androgen insensitivity syndrome
46XY appear female with breast development etc
40
what is the mechanism by which vitamin C is absorbed
Na dependant co-transport
41
what is the mechanism by which biotin (B7) is absorbed
Na dependant co-transport
42
what is the mechanism by which vitamin A is absorbed
micelle-mediated transport
43
what vitamin may be deficient in patient who contract measles
Vitamin A
44
toxicity with elevated formic acid levels in the blood
methanol toxicity
45
what enzyme is decreased/deficient in acute intermittent porphyria
porphobillinogen deaminase enzyme involved haem synthesis. Results in a build up of porphyrin metabolites.
46
features of acute intermittent porphyria
acute onset of psychiatric disturbance red urine abdominal pain can be triggered with alcohol, starvation, dehydration autosomal dominant
47
positive pANCA, peripheral neuropathy and hx asthma
eosinophillic granulomatoss with polyangitis
48
haemoptysis, sinusitis, haematuria, red cells in urine, PR3 ANCA / cANCA
granulomatosis with polyangitis
49
Li Fraumeni syndrome
autosomal dominant mutation of tumour suppressor gene P53 on chromosome 17 leading to increased risk of breast, brain, bone, soft tissue and adrenal cancers
50
features of Job's syndrome
learn your ABCDE's to get a job STAT Abscesses Baby teeth Coarse facial features Dermatitis IgE + eosinophillia STAT 3 mutation
51
presentation of graft vs host disease
dermatitis, hepatitis and gastroenteritis
52
what type of hypersensitivity reaction and example; leukotriene mediated inflammation
type 1 HSR anaphylaxis
53
what type of hypersensitivity reaction and example; Antibody binding to cell surface antigen
type 2 HSR good pastures, pemphigus, graves disease
54
what type of hypersensitivity reaction and example; antibody-antigen deposition
type 3 HSR lupus, post strep glomerulonephritis, haemolytic anaemia
55
what type of hypersensitivity reaction and example; differentiation of CD4 T lymphocytes into T helper lymphocytes
type 4 HSR allergic contact dermatitis
56
what genetic condition is associated with maternal non-disjunction in meisosi 1
downs syndrome
57
what genetic condition is associated with unequal crossing over of either maternal or paternal
huntingtons

General Principles (13 decks)

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