Virology

Question 1

single stranded non-enveloped linear DNA

Answer 1

parvovirus
B19 - ‘slapped cheek’, sickle cell crisis

Question 1

double stranded linear DNA virus’s

Answer 1

herpes virus
poxvirus
adenovirus

Question 2

double stranded circular DNA virus’s

Answer 2

hepadnavirus (herpes)
papilloma virus
polyomavirus (JC virus, BK virus)

Question 3

structure of herpes virus

Answer 3

double stranded enveloped linear virus

Question 4

Causative virus + structure - fever for days then develops rash which starts on the trunk then spreads. occurs in children < 2 years. Can progress to seizure.

Answer 4

HHV - 6&7
roseola infantum
double stranded enveloped linear DNA virus

Question 5

virus & its structure which causees genital herpes

Answer 5

HSV-2
double stranded enveloped linear DNA virus

Question 6

virus and its structure which causes herpes labialise (cold sores), gingiovostomatitis and keratoconjunctivitis

Answer 6

HSV-1
double stranded linear enveloped DNA virus

Question 7

what herpes virus can cause temporal lobe encephalitis

Answer 7

HSV-1

Question 8

what receptor does CMV use

Answer 8

integrins (hepran sulphate)

Question 9

what receptor does EBV use

Answer 9

CD 21

Question 10

what receptor does parvovirus B19 use

Answer 10

P antigen on RBC’s

Question 11

what receptor does rabies use

Answer 11

nictonic AChR

Question 12

what receptor does rhinovirus use

Answer 12

ICAM-1
(I came to see the rhino)

Question 13

what receptor does SARS-COV2 use

Answer 13

ACE2

Question 14

what receptor does HIV use

Answer 14

CD4, CXCR4, CCR5

Question 15

where do RNA viruses replicate

Answer 15

all replicate in the cytoplasm except retrovirus and influenza

Question 16

what are the flaviviruses and their structure

Answer 16

single stranded, enveloped, linear RNA virus
dengue, yellow fever west nile virus, HCV, zika virus

Question 17

what are the paramyxoviruses and their structure

Answer 17

PaRaMyxovirus
parainfluenza - croup
RSV - bronchiolitis
measles, mumps

single stranded, non-linear, enveloped RNA

Question 18

structure of rotavirus

Answer 18

double stranded, linear, multisegmented, non-enveloped RNA virus

Question 19

structure of influenza virus

Answer 19

single stranded, enveloped, non-linear RNA virus

Question 20

what is responsible for genetic change in influenza viruses

Answer 20

genetic shift and drift

Question 21

prophylactic treatment against paramyxoviruses in premature infants

Answer 21

palivizumab

Question 22

high fever, maculopapular rash, lymphadenopathy, joint swelling, arthralgia

Answer 22

chikungunya virus (togavirus)
single stranded, enveloped, linear RNA

Question 23

fever, rash, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, peri-orbital pain, neutropenia. can progress to circulatory collapse.

Answer 23

dengue fever (flavivirus)
single stranded, enveloped, linear RNA

Question 24

high fever, black vomit, jaundice, haemorrhage, backache

Answer 24

yellow fever single stranded, enveloped, linear RNA

Question 25

councilman bodies on liver biopsy

Answer 25

yellow fever

Question 26

transmission of yellow fever and zika virus

Answer 26

both from aedes mosquito

Question 27

conjunctivitis, low grade pyrexia, itchy rash, progression to guillian-barre syndrome

Answer 27

zika virus single stranded, enveloped, linear RNA

Question 28

bullet shaped virus negri bodies in perkunji cells of cerebellum and hippocampal neurones

Answer 28

rabies virus

Question 29

ebola virus structure

Answer 29

filovirus single stranded, non-linear, enveloped RNA virus

Question 30

abrupt onset flu like symptoms, diarrhoea, fever and myalgia. progression to DIC, haemorrhage and shock

Answer 30

ebola virus single stranded, enveloped, non-linear RNA

Question 31

strcuture of covid-19

Answer 31

single stranded linear RNA virus

Question 32

HIV test to monitor response to treatment and transmittability

Answer 32

viral load tests (PT-PCR)

Question 33

HIV test to detect HIV virology in antibody negative patients

Answer 33

NAAT

Question 34

when is HIV diagnosed as AIDS

Answer 34

CD4 count < 200 or HIV with aids defining illnesses

Question 35

test of choice for suspected HIV in babies

Answer 35

HIV viral load test (PT-PCR)

Question 36

virus responsible for hairy leukoplakia

Answer 36

EBV

Question 37

unscrapable plaque on lateral tongue

Answer 37

oral hairy leukoplakia

Question 38

AIDS defining illness and CD4 count you would expect this condition; Non-enhancing areas of demyelination on MRI

Answer 38

JC virus - progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy CD4 < 200

Question 39

AIDS defining illness and CD4 count you would expect this condition; acid-fast oocytes in stool

Answer 39

cryptosporidium spp. causes chronic watery diarrhoea CD4 < 100

Question 40

AIDS defining illness and CD4 count you would expect this condition; ring enhancing solitary mass on MRI

Answer 40

CNS lymphoma (EBV) CD4 < 100

Question 41

AIDS defining illness and CD4 count you would expect this condition; multiple ring enhancing lesions on MRI

Answer 41

toxoplasma gondii = brain abscesses CD4 < 100

Question 42

List the 3 prion diseases

Answer 42

creutzfeldt-jakob disease - sporadic bovine spongiform encephalopathy - 'mad cow disease' kuru - tribes practising human canabolism

Question 43

AIDS defining illness and CD4 count you would expect this condition; encapsulated yeast on india ink stain or capsular antigen positive

Answer 43

cryptococcus neoformans = meningitis

Question 44

bacillary angiomatosis vs kaposki sarcoma

Answer 44

both found in HIV and immunocompromised individuals kapsoki will show predominantly lymphocytic infiltrates whereas kapsoski will show neutrophil infiltrates

Question 45

what viral infections are associated with intranuclear eosinophillic Cowdry A inclusions

Answer 45

HSV1, HSV2, VZV,

Question 46

ground glass appearance on liver biopsy

Answer 46

chronic hep B infection

Question 47

structure of papiloma virus

Answer 47

souble stranded, non-enveloped, non-linear DNA

Question 48

causative organisms - oval-shaped vesciles on palms, soles and oral mucosa

Answer 48

hand foot and mouth disease coxsachievirus type A single stranded, non-enveloped, linear RNA

Question 49

causative organism - sand paper like rash, circumoral pallor, lymphadenopathy, strawberry red tongue

Answer 49

scarlet fever - group A strep (strep pyogenes)

Question 50

virus responsible for genital warts

Answer 50

HPV 6 and 11

Question 51

rash begins at head and moves down with postauricular, posteiror cervical and suboccipital lymphadenopathy, polyarthritis, unvaccinated

Answer 51

rubella

Question 52

features of congenital rubella

Answer 52

EYES, EARS, HEART cataract deafness +/- blueberry rash heart disease (PDA)

Question 53

norovirus structure

Answer 53

leading cause gastroeneteritis in children single stranded, non-enveloped, linear RNA

Question 54

norovirus vs rotavirus structure

Answer 54

rotavirus double stranded noravirus single stranded rotavirus = double stranded, non-enveloped linear RNA noravirus = single stranded, nonenveloped, linear RNA

Question 55

features of hepatitis E

Answer 55

fulminant hepatitis if in pregnancy - diarrhoea, abdo pain, jaundice will show hepatic tissue necrosis on biopsy

Question 56

genomic structure of hepatitis A, B and E

Answer 56

single stranded, linear, non-enveloped RNA

Question 57

hantavirus features

Answer 57

deer mouse is resevoir GI upset, fever, cough, myalgia then preogression to capillary leak syndrome = pulmonary oedema south and southewstern state of US

Question 58

mechanism by which hepatitis C is able to develop chronic infection

Answer 58

high antigenetic variability due to to error prone RNA polymerase

Question 59

mechanism by which measles can cause encephalitis

Answer 59

autoimmune mediated demyelination due to molecular mimicry (part of paramyxovirus - single stranded, linear, enveloped, negative sense RNA virus)

Question 60

kapsokis sarcoma is derived from what cell type

Answer 60

vascular endothelial cells

Question 61

what cells of the brain are affected in HIV encephalitis

Answer 61

microglia HIV fuse with microglia which then fuse to form multinucleated giant cells

Question 62

HIV patient presenting with subacute onset of cognitive decline and CSF shows high HIV viral load

Answer 62

HIV encephalitis