Pathology Flashcards
(97 cards)
1
Q
Child under 4 with rash on the palms and soles, Dz can be treated with ASA
A
Kawasaki Dz
2
Q
What are the Large vessel vasculitides?
A
- Temporal Giant Cell Arteritis
2. Takayasu Arterieis
3
Q
What are the small vessel vasculitides?
A
- Wegener’s Granulomatosis, Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
- Microscopic Polyangitis
- Churg-Strauss Syndrome
- HSP: Henoch-Scholein Purpura
4
Q
What are the medium vessel vasculitides?
A
- Polyarteritis Nodosa
- Kawasaki Dz
- Buerger Disease
5
Q
Associated with HBsAg (Poly arteritis nodosa/ Kawasaki Disease/ Buerger Disease)
A
Poly arteritis nodosa
6
Q
Dz in asian child less than 4 (Poly arteritis nodosa/ Kawasaki Disease/ Buerger Disease)
A
Kawasaki Disease
7
Q
Palmar and sole rash, conjunctivitis, fever
Poly arteritis nodosa/ Kawasaki Disease/ Buerger Disease
A
Kawasaki Disease
8
Q
treat with ASA
Poly arteritis nodosa/ Kawasaki Disease/ Buerger Disease
A
Kawasaki Disease
9
Q
Raynaud’s often present (Poly arteritis nodosa/ Kawasaki Disease/ Buerger Disease)
A
Buerger Disease
10
Q
Vasculitis due to IgA immune complex deposition (Wegener’s Granulomatosis/ Microscopic Polyangitis/ Churg-Strauss Syndrome/ HSP)
A
HSP: Henoch-Scholein Purpura
11
Q
palpable purpura, GI bleeding (Wegener’s Granulomatosis/ Microscopic Polyangitis/ Churg-Strauss Syndrome/ HSP)
A
HSP: Henoch-Scholein Purpura
12
Q
C-ANCA (+) (Wegener’s Granulomatosis/ Microscopic Polyangitis/ Churg-Strauss Syndrome/ HSP)
A
Wegener’s Granulomatosis
13
Q
Granulomatosis with Eosinophils
Wegener’s Granulomatosis/ Microscopic Polyangitis/ Churg-Strauss Syndrome/ HSP
A
Churg-Strauss Syndrome
14
Q
Has RPGN, Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
Wegener’s Granulomatosis/ Microscopic Polyangitis/ Churg-Strauss Syndrome/ HSP
A
Wegener’s Granulomatosis
15
Q
What are the 2 functions of Angiotensin II?
A
- contract arteriolar smooth muscle
2. promote adrenal release of aldosterone
16
Q
Thickening of an artery wall is called _________
A
Arteriosclerosis
17
Q
Thickening of large or medium sized arteries with an intimal plaque is called ______
A
Atherosclerosis
18
Q
Thickening of small arteries is called ________
A
Arteriolosclerosis
19
Q
The two types of Arteriolosclerosis are ______ and _______
A
- Hyperplastic
2. Hyaline
20
Q
Leaking of protein across a blood vessel wall is called _______ Arteriolosclerosis
A
Hyaline Arteriolosclerosis
21
Q
The two major factors that lead to Hyaline Arteriolosclerosis are
A
- Hypertension
- Diabetes
both cause protein to leak across the basement membrane
22
Q
Hyperplastic Arteriolosclerosis is usually due to _______ ________
A
malignant hypertension
23
Q
Medium to large vessels (Atherosclerosis/ Arteriolosclerosis)
A
Atherosclerosis
24
Q
Small vessels (Atherosclerosis/ Arteriolosclerosis)
A
Arteriolosclerosis
25
Lipid leaks past endothelium (Atherosclerosis/ Arteriolosclerosis)
Atherosclerosis
26
Protein leaks past basement membrane (Atherosclerosis/ Arteriolosclerosis)
Arteriolosclerosis
27
Marfan's syndrome is a defect of _______, which forms elastic fibers in connective tissue
fibrillin-1
28
Ehlers-Danlos is a defect in _______
collagen
29
A benign tumor of blood vessels is called a ________
hemangioma
30
A malignant proliferation of endothelial cells associated with PVC, arsenic ans thorotrast is called a _________
Angiosarcoma
31
HHV-8 can cause purple patches, plaques or nodules by infecting ______ cells
endothelial cells
32
The major mechanism of Nitroglycerin for angina is to decrease ________
pre-load of the heart
33
Chest pain that arises only with exertion, not at rest, is called ______ ______
stable angina
34
Chest pain that arises at rest is called ______ ______
unstable angina
35
episodes of chest pain unrelated to exertion, due to vasospasam is called ______ _____
Prinzmetal angina
36
```
Stable Angina (ST-↑/ ST-↓)
Unstable Angina (ST-↑/ ST-↓)
Prinzmetal Angina (ST-↑/ ST-↓)
```
Stable Angina: ST-↓
Unstable Angina: ST-↓
Prinzmetal Angina: ST-↑
37
Autoimmune pericarditis 6-8 weeks after MI is called ______ syndrome
dressler's
38
'heart failure cells' are alveolar macrophages laden with _______
hemociderin
39
enlargement of the right ventricle due to increased resistance in the lungs is called ___ _______
cor pulmonale
40
Which is associated with down's syndrome (osteum primum/ osteum secundum)
osteum secundum
41
narrowing of a section of the aorta is called _______
coarctation
42
sterile vegetations on both sides of the mitral valve, associated with SLE is called ___ _____ ______
Libmann-sack's endocarditis
43
Sterile vegetation on the mitral valve with hyper-coagulable state, underlying adenocarcinoma is called ____________
non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis
44
infectious agent for endocarditis in IV drug user:
S. aureus
45
Infectious agent for endocarditis on prosthetic valve
S. epidermidis
46
Infectious agent for endocarditis with underlying colorectal carcinoma
S. bovis
47
MC cause of infectious endocarditis
S. viridians
48
Where can you find Anitschkow cells?
in Aschoff bodies of rheumatic fever
49
myocarditis is most commonly cause by ________ virus
coxsackie virus
50
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is hypertrophy of the _______ (chamber of the heart)
left ventricle
51
The inflammatory granulomas of sarcoidosis can cause (dilated/restrictive) cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cadiomyopathy
52
Endocardial fibroelastosis causes thickening of the (endo/myo/epi) cardium
endo
53
Loeffler syndrome causes inflammation of the endo + myocardium with _______ cells infiltrating
eosinophils
54
Low voltage EKG with diminished QRS amplitudes indicated _______
CHF or restrictive cardiomyopathy
55
The most common primary heart tumor in adults is a _____
Myxoma
56
Which heart tumor is seen in tuberous sclerosis? (Rhabdomyoma/Myxoma)
Rhabdomyoma
57
Usually arises in ventricle (Rhabdomyoma/Myxoma)
Rhabdomyoma
58
metastatic tumors to the heart usually affect the (endo/ myo/ epi/ peri) cardium
pericardium
59
causes 95% of pneumonias (S. pneumoniae/ Klebsiella pneumoniae)
S. pneumoniae
60
has current jelly sputum (S. pneumoniae/ Klebsiella pneumoniae)
Klebsiella pneumoniae
61
collection of pus in the pleural space is called _______
empyema
62
Coxiella burnetii is know for causing the disease __ ______
Q fever
63
COPD with dilated alveolar sacs (Chronic Bronchitis/ Emphysema/ Asthma/ Bronchiectasis)
Emphysema
64
COPD measured by a reid index >50% (Chronic Bronchitis/ Emphysema/ Asthma/ Bronchiectasis)
Chronic bronchitis
65
COPD caused by upset of the protease: anti-protease, A1AT, (Chronic Bronchitis/ Emphysema/ Asthma/ Bronchiectasis)
Emphysema
66
Smoking results in (centriacinar/ panacinar) emphysema
centriacinar
67
COPD with Prolonged expiration with pursed lips (Chronic Bronchitis/ Emphysema/ Asthma/ Bronchiectasis)
Emphysema
68
In asthma, allergens induce a (Th1/ Th2) phenotype in CD4+ T-cells inducing secretion of IL-__
Th2
| secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-10
69
Asthma: Th2 cells induce plasma cells to class switch to IgE using (IL-4/ IL-5/ IL-10)
IL-4
70
Asthma: Th2 cells call in eosinophils using (IL-4/ IL-5/ IL-10)
IL-5
71
Asthma: suppresses the Th1 response and enhances more of the Th2 response (IL-4/ IL-5/ IL-10)
IL-10
72
Aggregated of major basic protein from Eosinonphiles that can end up in an asthmatic's sputum are called _____ ______ crystals
Charcot-Leyden crystals
73
COPD wth Permanent dilation of the airways (Chronic Bronchitis/ Emphysema/ Asthma/ Bronchiectasis)
Bronchiectasis
74
FEV1:FVC ratio is decreased (obstructive/ restrictive) lung disease
obstructive
75
FEV1:FVC ratio is increased (obstructive/ restrictive) lung disease
restrictive
76
Restrictive Dz: caused by exposure to silica, coal, beryllium, asbestos (Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/ pneumoconioses/ Sarcoidosis/ hypersensitivity pneumonitis)
pneumoconioses
77
Restrictive Dz: cyclical lung injury with TGF-b released from injured pneumocytes (Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/ pneumoconioses/ Sarcoidosis/ hypersensitivity pneumonitis)
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
78
associated with RA in Caplan's syndrome (coal worker's lung/ silicosis/ berylliosis/ asbestosis)
coal worker's lung
79
increases risk for TB, impairs phagolysosomal fusion (coal worker's lung/ silicosis/ berylliosis/ asbestosis)
silica, silicosis
80
non-caseating granulomas in lung, lymphnodes, and systemic organs (coal worker's lung/ silicosis/ berylliosis/ asbestosis)
silicosis
81
has risk of mesothelioma, cancer of the pleura (coal worker's lung/ silicosis/ berylliosis/ asbestosis)
asbestosis
82
Restrictive Dz: has epithelioid histiocytes forming giant cells and asteroid bodies
(Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/ pneumoconioses/ Sarcoidosis/ hypersensitivity pneumonitis)
Sarcoidosis
| non-caseating granuloma formation have epithelioid histiocytes
83
Restrictive Dz: granulomatous w/ eosinophils, rxn to inhaled organic agent
(Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/ pneumoconioses/ Sarcoidosis/ hypersensitivity pneumonitis)
hypersensitivity pneumonitis
84
inactivation of BMPR2 with proliferation of vascular sm. muscle (primary/ secondary) pulmonary HTN
primary
85
typically not amenable to surgery, required chemo
| SCLC/ NSCLC/ Adenocarcinoma/ squamous cell/ Large cell/ bronchioalveolar/ carcinoid
Small cell lung carcinoma, SCLC
86
May produce ADH or ATCH, associated with Lambert-Eaton syndrome
(SCLC/ NSCLC/ Adenocarcinoma/ squamous cell/ Large cell/ bronchioalveolar/ carcinoid)
Small cell lung carcinoma, SCLC
87
Keratin pearls, desmosomal connections, PTHrP syndrome
| SCLC/ NSCLC/ Adenocarcinoma/ squamous cell/ Large cell/ bronchioalveolar/ carcinoid
Squamous cell Carcinoma
88
peripheral location, glands and mucus,
| SCLC/ NSCLC/ Adenocarcinoma/ squamous cell/ Large cell/ bronchioalveolar/ carcinoid
Adenocarcinoma
89
Arises from Clara cells, columnar cells grow
| SCLC/ NSCLC/ Adenocarcinoma/ squamous cell/ Large cell/ bronchioloalveolar/ carcinoid
bronchioloalveolar carcinoma
| grows along pre-existing bronchioles and alveoli
90
Better treated with surgery, does not respond as well to chemo
(SCLC/ NSCLC/ Adenocarcinoma/ squamous cell/ Large cell/ bronchioloalveolar/ carcinoid)
All NSCLC,
| Adenocarcinoma, squamous cell, Large cell, bronchioloalveolar, carcinoid
91
Has neuroendocrine cells that stain chromogranin positive
| SCLC/ NSCLC/ Adenocarcinoma/ squamous cell/ Large cell/ bronchioloalveolar/ carcinoid
carcinoid tumor (and SCLS)
92
which has poorly differentiated neuroendocrine cells?
Which has well differentiated neuroendocrine cells?
(SCLC/ NSCLC/ Adenocarcinoma/ squamous cell/ Large cell/ bronchioloalveolar/ carcinoid)
SCLS: poorly differentiated neuroendocrine cells
| carcinoid tumor: well differentiated neuroendocrine cells
93
forms a polyp like mass in the bronchus (SCLC/ NSCLC/ Adenocarcinoma/ squamous cell/ Large cell/ bronchioloalveolar/ carcinoid)
carcinoid tumo
94
The visceral pleura and parietal pleura of the lung are lined by _____ cells
mesothelial cells
95
trachea deviates to ipsilateral side (tension pneumothorax/ spontaneous pneumothorax)
spontaneous pneumothorax, lung collapse, trachea moves to that side
96
trachea deviates to contralateral side (tension pneumothorax/ spontaneous pneumothorax)
tension pneumothorax, puncture chest wall, air pulled into pleural space, pushed trachea to other side
97
P-ANCA (+) (Wegener's Granulomatosis/ Microscopic Polyangitis/ Churg-Strauss Syndrome/ HSP)
Microscopic Polyangitis and
| Churg-Strauss Syndrome
