Pathology Flashcards
What is the role of TNF and IL1 in inflammation?
Increase endothelial cell expression of VCAM (Vascular cell adhesion molecule) and ICAM (intercellular adhesion molecule)
What to histamine and thrombin do in inflammation?
Increase selectin expression
What is the main cell type involved in acute inflammation?
Neutrophil
What cell characterises chronic inflammation?
Lymphocyte
What is the difference in the healing process of inflammation that crosses the basement membrane and inflammation that does not cross the basement membrane?
If there is damage beyond the basement membrane then healing tends to be by organisation and repair and not resolution.
If the basement membrane is intact then the inflammation tends to heal rapidly and with complete resolution.
What infection causes caseous necrosis?
TB
What do fibroblasts do?
Lay down collagen at the site of injury (Starts occuring after 2 weeks) Complete by 6 weeks
What is meant by the term dysplasia?
Disordered growth - abnormal cells not in response to a stimulus.
What is meant by neoplasia?
New growth not in response to a stimulus
What is meant by invasion when taking about cancer?
Growth beyond the basement membrane
What is meant by the term carcinoma in situ?
Dysplasia affecting the whole epithelium but which has not yet invaded the basement membrane
What is meant by the term metaplasia?
Change from one type of mature epithelium to another type of mature epithelium. Usually occurs in response to an injurious stimulus
What is barrets oesophagus?
Metaplasia of squamous epithelium into glandular epithelium.
What do oncogenes do?
Promote growth of cells
What 4 cancers are related to EBV infection?
Burkitts Lymphoma
B cell lymphomas
Hodgkins lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
