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Pathology Flashcards

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1
Q 
Fordyce Granules
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Ectopic sebaceous glands in the oral cavity
most common on buccal mucosa and upper lip
many yellow plaques or granules
No treatment

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2
Q 
Leukoedema
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A 
Intracellular edema of cells
White, foggy
bilateral buccal mucosa
white areas dissapear with stretching
No treatment
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3
Q 
Varices
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Dilated blood vessels
blue veins that bulge
Lip and under the tongue
No treatment

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4
Q 
Geographic Tongue (Erythema Migrans)
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Atrophy of filliform papillae with keratinized border
Red, Flat cental area with white serpentine border
typically on tongue, can be anywhere in oral cavity
It moves around
no treatment, unless symptomatic = corticosteroid

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5
Q 
Tori
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Abnormal bone growth
pink, hard growth of bone covered by healthy epithelium
hard palate and lingual surface of mandible by premolars
no treatment unless growth is excessive or required for prosthesis

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6
Q 
Physiologic pigmentation
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Pigmentation of intra oral tissues

typically seen in darker individuals

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7
Q

Ankyloglossa

A

tongue tied

short lingual frenum

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8
Q

Cleft lip and palate

A

Defect between median nasal process and maxillary process (lip)
defect between palatal shelves (palate)
Radiographic radiolucencies that extend from the nasal cavity to the oral cavity

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9
Q 
Morsicatio
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A 
Chronic Mucosa Chewing
White rough tissue
above and below lingual planes
Must be in a location that the patient can chew
No treatment
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10
Q 
White Sponge Nevus
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

autosomal dominant mutation causing keratin production
Thick White folds of velvety tissue
Multifocal (buccal mucosa, ventral tongue, soft palate…)
No treatment

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11
Q

LInea alba

A

Hyperkeratosis line on the buccal mucosa at the height of the occlusal table
no treatment

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12
Q 
Oral Hairy Leukoplakia
What causes it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A 
Epstein barr 
white rough plaque
lateral border of the tongue
seen in immune compromised patients
no treatment (sign of immunocompromised state)
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13
Q 
Hairy Tongue
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Elongation of filliform papillae
looks like a hairy tongue
dorsal surface of the tongue
Treatment = Scrape tongue

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14
Q 
Reticular Lichen Planus
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

autoimmune disorder
Oral cavity = White lacy pattern, doesn’t rub off
Multifocal
Wickhams Striae, purple, pruritic papules on skin
no treatment unless burning = corticosteroids

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15
Q 
Erosive Lichen Planus
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

autoimmune disorder with painful ulcerations
Painful ulcerations, pseudomembrane with erythema
Multifocal
remnants of Wickhams Striae, purple, pruritic papules on skin
treatment = topical steroids (severe = systemic corticoids)

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16
Q 
Nicotinic Stomatitis
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

heat of smoking causes minor salivary glands of the hard palate to become inflamed
red gland ducts with white leukoplakic background
on the palate
no treatment (not premalignant)

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17
Q 
White Candidosis
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

opportunistic growth of candida albicans
pseudomembranous white patches that rub off leaving red base, painful
Generalized
pts are immunocompromised, taking antibiotics or corticosteroids
Treatment = antifungal medication

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18
Q

which is more common

reticular or erosive lichen planus

A

reticular

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19
Q 
Acute Erythematous Candidosis
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A 
opportunistic growth of candida albicans
painful and burning erythema
generalized
typically follows broad spectrum antibiotics (antibiotic sore mouth)
treatment = antifungal medication
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20
Q 
Chronic Erythematous Candidosis
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Candida growth in denture bearing area
potentially painful erythematous area
only on denture bearing areas
may be caused by things other than candida (bad denture hygeine, poorly fitting dentures)
treatment = improve dentures/care/antifungal

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21
Q 
Angular Chelitis
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A 
Candida and Bacterial infection 
Erythematous lesions
Oral commisures
often associated with VDO loss
Treatment = antifungal and antibiotic
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22
Q 
Median Rhomboid Glossitis
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Candida infection
erythematous rhomboid patch
midline on dorsal surface of tongue
“kissing lesion” on palate

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23
Q

Chemical/Physical Burn
What is it?
What is it’s appearance?

A

burn causing necrosis of epithelial tissue

white pseudomembranous patch that rubs off with difficulty

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24
Q

Scarlet Fever
what is it
oral manifestation

A 
Group A strep infection
Strawberry tongue (white coating with red dots that transitions to red coating with white dots)
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25
``` Hemangioma What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
Tumor of Vasculature red/purple tumor located anywhwere Blanches, not present at birth, rapidly growing Treament = none, gradual involution (goes away)
26
``` Venous Malformation What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
``` Abnomalities without endothelial proliferation red/purple growth located anywhere Blanches, present at birth no treatment, but doesn't go away ```
27
Sturge weber angiomatosis
Port wine stain (venous malformation)
28
``` Petechiae What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
``` Submucosal hemorrhage from minor trauma very small red/purple bruises hard palate, buccal mucosa, can be anywhere doesn't blanch no treatment ```
29
``` Ecchymosis What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
``` Submucosal hemorrhage from minor trauma red/purple bruises larger than 2 cm can be anywhere doesn't blanch no treatment ```
30
``` Hematoma What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
``` Submucosal hemorrhage from trauma red/purple mass caused by accumulated blood can be anywhere doesn't blanch no treatment ```
31
``` Kaposi's Sarcoma What causes it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? ```
``` caused by HHV-8 red/purple tumor located anywhere in oral cavity and on the body malignant seen in immunocompromised patients ```
32
``` Aquired Melanocytic Nevus (mole) What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
controlled proliferation of melanocytes small blue/brown macule can be anywhere Treatment = biopsy
33
``` Malignant Melanoma What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
Uncontrolled proliferation of melanocytes may begin as blue/brown macule, becomes raised more widespread can be located anywhere ABCDE oral melanoma has very poor prognosis
34
``` Heavy metal intoxication What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
inclusion of heavy metals into oral tissues blue-gray line along gingival margin gingival margin burtons line (history of working with heavy metals) no treatment
35
``` traumatic Ulcer What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
Ulcer caused by mechanical trauma red center lesion with white keratin border located near a source of irritation Treatment = remove source of irritation (if no source of irritation can be found or lesion persists following removal of irritation it needs to be biopsied)
36
``` Aphtous Stomatitis What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
ulcerations of unknown cause central white area with surrounding red halo ONLY on NON-KERATINIZED tissue Treatment = corticosteroids
37
``` Primary Herpes Simplex What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
Initial infection with HSV 1 (2) small vesicles that rupture and coalesce to form large ulcerations BOTH keratinized and non keratinized tissues typically presents with fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy Treatment = acyclovir (within first 3 days)
38
``` Recurrent Herpes Simplex What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
Flaring up of existing HSV 1(2) infection small vesicles that rupture and coalesce to form large ulcerations ONLY KERATINIZED TISSUES doesn't present with fever/malaise. has prodrome Treatment = Valacyclovir
39
``` Herpes Zoster What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
HHV-3 infection small vesicles that rupture and coalesce to form large ulcerations intraorally and extra oral follows a dermatome
40
``` Pemphigus Vulgaris What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
Autoimmune disease that attacks desmosomes Ulcerations of skin/mucosa generalized, intra and extra oral intraepithelial splitting, nikolsky sign, immunofluoresence, long duration Treatment = corticosteroids
41
``` Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
``` Autoimmune disease that hemidesmosomes Ulcerations of skin/mucosa generalized intra and extra oral subepithelial splitting, eye involvement, symblepharon, immunofluresence, long duration treatment = corticosteroids ```
42
``` Systemic Lupus Erythematosus What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
``` Multisystem Autoimmune disease Ulcerations generalized lesions butterfly rash, long duration treatment = corticosteroids ```
43
Chronic Cuatneous Lupus Erythematosus
like SLE but only has skin and oral lesions
44
``` Erythema multiforme What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
Generalized Ulcerative condition of unknown etiology Generalize ulcerations Generalized Sometimes preceeded by herpes, pneumonia, or medications, FAST onset, target lesions, BLACK CRUSTY LIPS treatment = self resolving, corticosteroids prn
45
``` Chron's disease What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
inflammatory bowel disease oral = labial swelling, apthous ulcers, mucosal tags, granulomatous gingiva from anus to oral cavity cobblestoning of GI tract treatment = steroids/immunosuppressants (doesn't cure)
46
``` Epilus fissuratum What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
hyperplastic fibrous connective tissue sheet of fibrous CT buccal vestibule Associated with overextended denture flange Treatment = excision if necessary, adjust denture flange
47
``` Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
``` hyperplastic fibrous tissue papillary projections denture bearing areas (palate) caused by poor fitting dentures/24 hour wear treatment = better denture care ```
48
Denture leaf fibroma
leaf like fibroma on hard palate under a denture
49
``` Papilloma What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
Benign Warty projection of Squamous epithelium associated with HPV rough surface with multiple finger like projections with pedunculated base
50
``` Verruca Vulgaris What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
Benign Warty projection of Squamous epithelium associated with HPV rough surface with multiple finger like projections with sessile base single lesions more common on skin
51
Condyloma
papilloma like growths, typically multiple and associated with high risk HPVs
52
What are the 5 P's of gum bumps
``` parulis plain fibroma pyogenic granuloma peripheral ossifying fibroma peripheral giant cell granuloma ```
53
``` Parulis What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
Gum bump formed from pus caused by infection of necrotic tooth canal that accumulated under epithelium mass on the gums gingiva found near a necrotic tooth, doesn't blanch, pus filled Treatment = treat source of infection
54
``` Peripheral ossifying fibroma What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
Overgrowth of fibrous tissue Red or pink growth Gingiva doesn't blanch
55
``` Peripheral Giant Cell granuloma What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
Overgrowth of vascular tissue Red/purple growth gingiva blanches
56
``` Pyogenic granuloma What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
Overgrowth of vascular tissue red/purple growth gingiva blanches, common in pregnancy
57
``` Plain Fibroma What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
overgrowth of fibrous tissue firm pink growth can be found anywhere Doesn't blanch
58
Do salivary lesions ever occur on attached gingiva
nope
59
What is the only tumor of neural origin that hurts
traumatic neuroma
60
What is the most common site of a Granular Cell tumor
dorsum of tongue
61
What are the tumors of muscle origin
leiomyoma (smooth muscle tumor) anywhere | Rhabdomyoma (skeletal muscle) not on palate or gingiva
62
What is the tumor of fat origin
lipoma (anywhere)
63
Congenital Epilus
Bump on the alveolar ridge that is present at birth
64
Lymphoepithelial cyst What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located?
Cyst of lymphatic tissue well circumscribed pale/yellow swelling found in waldeyers ring (floor of mouth, tonsillar pillar, lateral tongue)
65
``` Lymphangioma What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? ```
lymph filled superficial vessels many red/yellow bumps most commonly on dorsum of tongue Frog-egg appearance
66
Leukemia What is it? What does it cause?
Excessive production of Abnormal WBCs in bone marrow decrased RBCs = fatigue, shortness of breath decreased functioning WBCs = increased infections decreased platelets = prolonged bleeding
67
Oral manifestations of leukemia
petechia a purpura spontaneous and prolonged gingival bleeding boggy gingival enlargement and ulcerations candidosis herpes and apthous can happen anywhere
68
What tests to order when suspecting leukemia
complete blood count | white blood count differntial
69
Langerhans Cell disease What is it? What is it's radiographic appearance?
proliferation of langerhans cells for unknown reasons | Scooped out bone, teeth floating in air
70
Multiple Myeloma What is it? What is it'sradiographic appearance? Key identifiers?
multifocal malignancy of plasma cells multiple punched out lesions (well defined) Bence Jones Proteins
71
``` Cheilitis Glandularis What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
inflammation of minor salivary glands swelling of lip with inflammed ducts typically on lower lip risk of squamous cell carcinoma
72
``` Necrotizing Sailometaplasia What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
Necrotic Ulceration of tissue due to local ischemia Necrotic ulceration, exposing bone (makes a hole) Posterior hard palate near GP foramen Rapid onset, often follows local anesthesia (GP block) Treatment = mimics squamous cell carcinoma, should be biopsied, self resolving
73
``` Mucocele What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
Severed salivary duct leading to mucous accumulation under the epithelium often caused by trauma bluish dome shaped vesicle typically on the lower lip, can be anywhere there are salivary glands history of recurrence treatment = none, unless large and frequently recurring then excision
74
Ranula
Mucocele found on the floor of the mouth looks like frog belly Danger of plunging ranula (mucous retention spreading into fascial spaces that can asphyxiate the patient)
75
Most common salivary gland tumor
pleomorphic adenoma
76
most common benign salivary gland tumor
pleomorphic adenoma
77
most common malignant salivary gland tumor
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
78
most common location for salivary gland tumors
parotid gland
79
``` Pleomorphic adenoma What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
benign salivary gland tumor swelling under epithelium common in parotid gland but can occur anywhere treatment = incisional biopsy, excision
80
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
most common malignant salivary gland tumor
81
Canalicular Adenoma
Salivary gland tumor commonly found on the upper lip
82
``` Warthin's tumor What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
(papillary cystic lympomatosum) benign tumor almost always in the parotid, can be bilateral associated with smoking
83
``` Sjogren's Syndrome What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
Autoimmune disease that attacks the salivary glands and lacrimal glands Bilateral swelling of parotid glands parotid glands, lacrimal glands Xerostomia and Xeropthalmia Secondary Sjogren's includes a second autoimmune disease
84
Leukoplakia
White patch that does not rub off | term only used when the white lesion cant be anything else
85
what are the 4 things leukoplakia could be
hyperkeratosis (95%) dysplasia carcinoma in situ squamous cell carcinoma
86
what is erythroplakia
red patch that doesn't rub off | much more commonly dysplasia or SCC than leukoplakia
87
``` Actinic Chelitis What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
Premalignant change of lower lip vermillion causes atrophy of vermillion border lower lip due to excessive exposure to UV, 6-10% of cases are cancer
88
``` Squamous Cell Carcinoma What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? contributing factors? Treatment? ```
most common intra-oral cancer Many forms, non-healing ulcer, red or white patch, mass most common on lateral border of the tongue and floor of the mouth smoking, drinking, HPV, genetic effects
89
``` Verroucus Carcinoma What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? ```
Low grade form of squamous cell carcinoma slow growing warty, rough, white surface found anywhere low tendancy to metastisize
90
``` Basal Cell carcinoma What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? ```
Painless ulcer on sun exposed face Raised rolled border with central depression or ulceration above the lip tragus line, never in mouth doesn't typically metastisize telangiectasia
91
Alveolar Osteitis What is it? Treatment?
Dry socket, Exposed bone following EXT | radiograph to rule out root tip or foreign body, irrigate with warm saline, don't curretage, analgesics
92
``` Rarefying Osteitis What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? different types? Treatment? ```
The destruction of bone around the apex of a non-vital tooth radiolucency around apex of tooth radicular cyst, granuloma, abscess Endo/EXT
93
Condensing Osteitis What is it? What is it's appearance? Treatment?
A sclerotic band of bone surrounding rarefying osteitis RO border around RL lesion at apex of necrotic tooth Endo/EXT
94
``` Idiopathic Osteosclerosis What is it? What is it's appearance? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
non-inflammatory portion of more dense bone radiopaque area that blends with the trabeculae not fused to root or associated with RL lesion no treatment needed
95
``` Chronic Osteomyelitis What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? ```
Acute/Chronic bone inflammation away from the initial site caused by staph/strep Large diffuse, not well defined area of "MOTH EATEN" bone pain is common
96
``` Osteomyelitis with proliferative periostitis What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
inflammation of the bone spreading to the periosteum periostium lifts and deposits bone creating onion skin appearance commonly found in young people, on mandible
97
What is the most common developmental cyst
dentigerous cyst
98
``` Dentigerous cyst What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
expansion of the follicle around an unerupted tooth radiolucency around the crown of a tooth attached to CEJ most common on unerupted 3rd molars and max canines RL area around crown of tooth (must be at least 2mm to be pathologic) may transform into ameloblastoma or SCC
99
Lateral Periodontal Cyst
true odontogenic cyst forms lateral to the root of a tooth | typically in premolar canine area
100
``` Odontogenic Keratocyst What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
odontogenic Cyst with high recurrence rate mimics anything, unilocular/multilocular, apical, lateral, small or large only in odontogenic areas Associated with Gorlin Syndrome Treatment = enucleation, curretage, rinse of some sort
101
Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst What is it? What is it's appearance? Key identifiers?
Only cyst that can be mixed RL/RO (odontogenic tumors may be mixed) Histologic Ghost Cells
102
``` Ameloblastoma What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
Most common true odontogenic tumor radiolucency with soap bubble appearance, may be unilocular common in 24-40 year olds, most common in posterior mandible causes expansion
103
``` Ameloblastic Fibroma/ Ameloblastic Fibro-odontoma What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
odontogenic tumor precursor to odontoma AF = completely RL, AFO = mixed RL/RO typically in the posterior mandible of <20 year olds
104
Odontoma What is it? What is it's appearance? What types?
Tumor of tooth tissues Radiopaque area, radiolucent rim, surrounded by RO line Compound = toothlets (anterior Max) Complex = large unidentifiable mass (posterior mandible)
105
Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor What is it? Key identifiers? Radiographic Appearance?
``` 2/3 tumor 2/3 teens 2/3 females 2/3 anterior jaw 2/3 maxilla may be RL or mixed mixed has snowflake calcifications ```
106
``` Odontogenic Myxoma What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
benign odontogenic tumor of connective tissue appears with honeycomb or tennis racket appearance (septations at 90 degrees) found in younger patients <30
107
``` Nasopalatine Duct Cyst What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key Identifiers? ```
Non-odontogenic cyst in the incisive canal may have palatal swelling, heart shaped RL lesion at max midline Heart Shaped RL lesions at max midline
108
What is the most common non-odontogenic developmental cyst
Nasopalatine Duct Cyst (incisive canal cyst)
109
``` Nasolabial Cyst What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? ```
Soft tissue Cyst, not in bone smooth swelling adjacent to max lat incisor causes elevation of ala no radiographic changes
110
``` Idiopathic Bone Cavity What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
simple bone cyst, traumatic bone cyst (it is an empty cavity in the bone) unknown cause RL lesion with interdental scalloping usually in mandibular premolar area treatment = opening cavity = spontaneous healing
111
``` Mucous Retention pseudocyst What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
accumulation of mucus under the lining of the sinus dome shaped RO lesion in the sinus, non-corticated max sinus no treatment necessary
112
``` Stafne Defect What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
Depression in the mandible caused by submandibular salivary gland RL lesion with thick corticated superior border Below IAC usually at the angle of mandible No treatment
113
``` Osteoma What is it? What is it's appearance? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
Benign tumor of bone Irregularly shaped radioopaque mass multiple Osteomas associated with Garner's syndrome
114
What is osteoma cutis
osteomas in skin/buccal mucosa
115
multiple _______'s are associated with Garners Syndrome
osteomas
116
What are the Giant Cell Lesions
Central giant Cell granuloma Hyperparathydroidism Cherubism
117
``` Central Giant Cell Granuloma What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? ```
Giant Cell tumor Soap bubble appearance and expansion (resembles ameloblastoma) commonly causes root resorption Typically found in females <30 in anterior mandible
118
``` Cherubism What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? ```
Multilocular radiolucent lesions in the jaws bilateral, multilocular, expansile lesions in the jaw begins between 1-4 years old BILATERAL, expansile lesions
119
``` Hyperparathyroidism What is it? Radiographic appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
Parathyroid gland hyperfunction granular, salt and pepper, ground glass bone loss of lamina dura painful bones, renal stones, abdominal groans, psychotic moans
120
Focal Cemento-Osseous Dsyplasia What is it? radiographic appearance? Where is it typically located?
dysplasia, typically asymptomatic RL or Mixed lesion (rarely RO) Single lesion, not in anterior mandible no treatment necessary
121
Periapical Cemento-Osseous Dsyplasia What is it? radiographic appearance? Where is it typically located?
dysplasia, typically asymptomatic RL or Mixed lesion (rarely RO) involves mandibular anterior teeth no treatment necessary
122
Florid Cemento-Osseous Dsyplasia What is it? radiographic appearance? Where is it typically located?
dysplasia, typically asymptomatic RL or Mixed lesion (rarely RO) involves multiple quadrants
123
``` Fibrous Dysplasia What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
painless unilateral Swelling of the jaw of genetic cause ground glass appearance of bone, causing expansion early onset, stops at age 20 Treatment = cosmetic bone after growth cessation
124
``` Paget's disease of bone What is it? radiographic appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? Treatment? ```
``` abnormal resorption and deposition of bone causing weakened deformed bone cotton wool appearance of bone excessive hypercementosis enlargement of jaws increased risk of osteosarcoma occurs in >40 year olds ```
125
``` Melanotic Neuroectodermal tumor of infancy What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? ```
tumor with rapid onset Radiolucency in anterior maxilla increase in VMA destructive tumor
126
Osteopetrosis What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located?
Defect in osteoclasts causing increased bone density and osteomyelitis can cause cranial nerve compression and bone fractures
127
``` Neurofibroma/Schwannoma What is it? What is it's appearance? Where is it typically located? what to look out for? Treatment? ```
Tumor of nerve tissue or schwann cells causes enlargement of canals and/or foramina Look out for hemangioma always aspirate before biopsy to rule out vascular in nature
128
Most common primary bone cancer
osteosarcoma
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Most common cancer in bone
Metastisized lesions
130
what is the numb chin syndrome
parasthesia of lower lip often caused by malignancies
131
``` Osteosarcoma What is it? radiographic appearance? Where is it typically located? Key identifiers? ```
Malignant connective tissue lesions poorly defined, sun-ray appearance, irregular widening of PDL space causes swelling of bone, loose teeth, paresthesia
132
Cleidocranial dysplasia | Radiographic/clinical findings
multiple unerupted supernumerary teeth | hypoplasia/aplasia of clavicle
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Ectodermal dysplasia | Radiographic/clinical findings
hypodontia, conical shaped teeth | fine sparse hair, decreased heat tolerance
134
Multiple endocrine neoplasia | Radiographic/clinical findings
oral mucosal neuromas medullary carcinoma of thyroid pheochromocytoma of adrenal gland
135
Neurofibromatosis | Radiographic/clinical findings
multiple neurofibromas cafe au lait spots axillary freckling lisch nodules
136
Peutz Jegher syndrome | Radiographic/clinical findings
numerous melanotic macules | intestinal polyps
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Gardner syndrome | Radiographic/clinical findings
Osteomas that may block eruption polyps that become malignant epidermoid cysts on skin
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Treacher Collins syndrome (mandibulofacial dysostosis) | Radiographic/clinical findings
Deformed ears/hearing loss Coloboma - lower eyelid fissure convex profile, Bird face
139
``` Gorlin Syndrome (nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome) Radiographic/clinical findings ```
``` Multiple basal cell carcinomas Odontogenic Keratocysts Calcified falx cerebri rib anomalies palmar plantar pits ocular hypertelorism enlarged head spina bifida ```
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Hypercementosis | Radiographic findings
too much cementum, regular PDL space | (generalized hypercementosis = paget's disease
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Cementoblastoma | Radiographic findings
large mass of cementum with radiolucent rim around it, causing root resorption
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Ankylosis
tooth fused to bone, shortened root, no PDL space
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Dens Evaginatus
cusp like elevation of enamel | most common on mandibular premolars
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Dens Invaginatus
tooth in tooth | most common on max laterals
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Attrition
wear from tooth to tooth contact
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abrasion
pathologic wear from an external agent
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Erosion
pathologic wear due to chemicals | perimolysis = erosion from gastric regurgitation
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Abfraction
loss of tooth structure from flexion and failure of enamel/dentin caused by occlusion
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hypoplastic Amelogenesis Imperfecta
not enough enamel, rough and pitted enamel
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hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta
regular thickness that is soft and easily breaks off
151
hypomature amelogenesis imperfecta
regular thickness, soft, "snow capped"
152
What disease causes picket fence look of teeth
amelogenesis imperfecta
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Dentinogenesis imperfecta
``` teeth are translucent (blue to brown) bulbous crowns, cervical constriction thin tapered roots obliteration of root canals and pulp chamber "Golf ball on a tee" ```
154
Osteogenesis imperfecta what is it? what are the clinical signs?
Genetic disease that leads to defective collagen opalescent teeth, brittle bones and fractures blue sclera, bowing of legs blue brown discoloration of teeth
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Type 1 Dentin Dysplasia
``` Developmental defect of dentin radicular type rootless teeth pulpal obliteration tooth mobility ```
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Type 2 dentin dysplasia
developmental defect of dentin coronal type enlarged thistle tube shaped pulp chambers
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Progressive Systemic Sclerosis what is it? Oral symptoms
autoimmune disease causing hardening of the skin | Trismus, generalized widening of PDL space
158
Condylar hyperplasia | what is it? symptoms?
enlarged condyle | causes deviation away from affected side

NBDE 2 (6 decks)

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