Operative

Question 1

how long does it take for a proximal caries lesion to progress into dentin

Answer 1

average of 4 years

Question 2

how long does it take for a pit and fissure caries lesion to progress into dentin

Answer 2

2-4 years

Question 3

What is the main bacteria involved in caries

Answer 3

Strep Mutans

Question 4

Besides Strep mutans what bacteria are involved in caries formation

Answer 4

S. Sobrinus
Lactobacilli
Bifidobacterium
actinomyces

Question 5

What is the most important virulence factor in bacterial plaque

Answer 5

glucosyltransferases

Question 6

what do glucosyltransferases do

Answer 6

synthesize water insoluble glucans from sucrose

Question 7

what do the glucans synthesized by glucosyltransferases from sucrose do

Answer 7

they give plaque its sticky nature allowing it to adhere to the tooth

Question 8

most commonly carious teeth

Answer 8

upper first molars

Question 9

least commonly carious teeth

Answer 9

lower anterior teeth

Question 10

how does saliva prevent caries

Answer 10

pH buffering
cleansing the tooth
supply of mineralizing ions

Question 11

at what pH does decalicification occur

Answer 11

5.6

Question 12

do infants without teeth have strep mutans

Answer 12

not until their teeth erupt

Question 13

what does DMFT stand for

Answer 13

decayed missing or filled teeth

Question 14

what are the benefits of fluoride

Answer 14

bacteriocidal

ions for remineralization of enamel

Question 15

what percent of enamel is inorganic

Answer 15

96% (hydroxyapatite)

Question 16

what percent of dentin is inorganic

Answer 16

70%
20% organic (mostly type 1 collagen and ground substance)
10% water

Question 17

how to determine if white spot lesions are more or less than half way through the enamel clinically

Answer 17

if they are visible when the tooth is wet they are more than halfway through
if they are only visible when dry they aren’t more than halfway

Question 18

clinical signs of arrested caries

Answer 18

white or brown
shiny surface
hard to explorer

Question 19

clinical signs of active caries

Answer 19

chalky
rough surface
covered in plaque
cavitated
sticky with explorer

Question 20

determining if radiographic interproximal lesions are active or arrested

Answer 20

active if....
high caries risk
new lesion/progressing one from last X-rays
caries into dentin
inactive if.... 
no progression
low caries risk

Question 21

what is the mechanism by which caries detection dyes work

Answer 21

they are non-specific protein dyes that stain the organic matrix of less mineralized dentin (doesn’t differentiate between affected or infected dentin)

Question 22

What are the 5 phases of a comprehensive treatment plan

Answer 22

systemic phase (general health problems)
acute phase
disease control phase
definitive phase
maintenance/monitoring phase

Question 23

what is the critical pH of fluorapatite

Answer 23

4.5 (hydroxyapatite is 5.5)

Question 24

what is CPP-ACP and what is it used for

Answer 24

casein phosphopeptides and amorphoyus calcium phosphate

used for remineralization

Question 25

what is the typical concentration of NaF varnishes

Answer 25

5% (every few weeks)

Question 26

what is the typical concentration of NaF fluoride gels trays

Answer 26

5000 ppm (1-2 x per day, 5 minutes, 2-4 months)

Question 27

what surfaces is F most effecticve

Answer 27

smooth surfacs

Question 28

what is the maximum F dose per day for adults

Answer 28

5mg/kg/day

Question 29

at what dose of F does fluorosis become possible

Answer 29

.7mg/kg/day

Question 30

Advantages of GI

Answer 30

1. forms a chemical bond with dentin and enamel 2. no bonding agent needed 3. fluoride release (rechargable) 4. strongly resistant to secondary decay 5. adding resing increases strength 6. acceptable but not great aesthetics 7. less problems with water contamination 8. conservative preps

Question 31

Disadvantages of GI

Answer 31

1. low fracture resistance 2. not for marginal ridges, incisal edges, cusp tips etc 3. poor color match 4. poor polishability 5. dehydrate and disintegrate in low salivary flow 6. need to be sealed to prevent microleakage

Question 32

Advantages of Composite

Answer 32

1. excellent aesthetics 2. can withstand moderate occlusal loads 3. micromechanical bonding with enamel and dentin 4. conservation of tooth structure

Question 33

Disadvantages of composite

Answer 33

1. expensive 2. bonding and curing required 3. potential allergens 4. high wear in posterior (compared to amalgam, better than GI) 5. prone to leakage over time

Question 34

Advantages of RMGI

Answer 34

1. some fluoride | 2. better strength and wear than GI

Question 35

disadvantages of RMGI

Answer 35

1. require bonding and curing | 2. less strength and wear resistant

Question 36

Advantages of Amalgam

Answer 36

1. inexpensive 2. self curing 3. durable 4. great for high stress 5, easy placement 6. corrosion helps seal margins from recurrent decay

Question 37

disadvantages of amalgam

Answer 37

1. poor aesthetics 2. more aggressive tooth prep 3. environmental concerns 4. allergy potential

Question 38

preventing marginal breakdown

Answer 38

1. keep margins away from direct occlusal loads 2. choose right material 3. don't bevel occlusal resin margins 4. 90% cavosurface margins

Question 39

what are the common causes of GI failures

Answer 39

1. poor placement technique | 2. inadequate bulk

Question 40

what are the common causes of resin failures

Answer 40

1. poor placement technique 2. poor moisture control 3. inadequate cure 4. excessive shrinkage

Question 41

causes of amalgam fractures

Answer 41

1. inadequate retention or resistance form 2. inadequate thickness 3. inadequate condensation 4. degradable (ZOE) liner

Question 42

what is the average thickness of dentin

Answer 42

3 mm

Question 43

what is added to composites to make them self curing

Answer 43

benzoyl peroxide

Question 44

what is the wavelength at which composites cure

Answer 44

468 nm

Question 45

what is pilocarpine used for (Rx)

Answer 45

xerostomia