Pathology

Question 1

Main cause of ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease

Answer 1

Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis

Question 2

FAST is an acronym for stroke related things. What do the letters stand for?

Answer 2

Face
Arm
Speech
Time (within 5 hours)

Question 3

Thrombus

Answer 3

Blood clot

Question 4

A dissecting aneurysm (longitudinal cleavage of arterial media by a column of blood) would have “____” pain

Answer 4

Tearing

Question 5

Berry Aneurysms occur in what artery most of the time (40%)?

Answer 5

Anterior communicating branch of Circle of Willis

Question 6

Sustained elevation of systemic arterial blood pressure (diastole above __mm) is known as hypertension

Answer 6

90

Question 7

Congenital failure of closure between the pulmonary artery and aorta (up to 80% are premature)

Answer 7

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

Question 8

Right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to lung malfunction (including Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, etc.)

Answer 8

Cor Pulmonale

Question 9

DRIP is an acronym used to describe this central vascular disorder. 
Dextrorotation of the aorta
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Intraventricular septal defect
Pulmonary artery stenosis

Answer 9

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 10

This systemic pathology results from improperly treated strep or scarlet fever. The MITRAL and AORTIC valves are affected (Mitral first)

Answer 10

Rheumatic Fever

Question 11

Type of anemia? Loss of parietal cells leading to decreased intrinsic factor resulting in decreased absorption of B12. Reticulocytosis develops (immature RBC’s). Posterolateral sclerosis develops (glove and stocking paresthesia).

Answer 11

Pernicious (from B12 deficiency) - Macrocytic, Normochromic

Question 12

Type of angina that occurs at REST due to coronary artery spasm?

Answer 12

Prinzmetal’s

Question 13

Impaired esophageal peristalsis d/t LES contraction (narrowing) is known as?

Answer 13

Achalasia

Question 14

____ syndrome (AKA Patterson-Kelly) is a rare disease or the esophagus characterized by esophageal webs d/t IDA w/glossitis and cheilosis also

Answer 14

Plummer-Vinson

Question 15

Portal hypertension can cause esophageal ____

Answer 15

Varices (varicosities in the esophagus)

Question 16

Incompetence of the LES (widening in this case)

Answer 16

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Question 17

GERD can lead to ____ esophagus, which can ultimately lead to cancer

Answer 17

Barrett’s

Question 18

Laceration of the distal esophagus and proximal stomach. Usually d/t vomiting (throwing up blood=hematomesis) and common in alcoholics

Answer 18

Mallory-Weiss Syndrome

Question 19

Most common peptic (stomach) ulcer?

Answer 19

Duodenal - burning or gnawing pain

Question 20

A gastric ulcer is typically located along the LESSER curvature of the stomach. It is caused by _____ (microorganism) and NSAIDS

Answer 20

Helicobacter Pylori (H. Pylori)

Question 21

Stomach CANCER occurs most frequently at the ____ curvature of the stomach

Answer 21

GREATER

Question 22

Mallory bodies are seen in ____ hepatitis

Answer 22

Alcoholic

Question 23

Gas and distention. Pencil-thin stools. Episodic. Constipation and/or diarrhea

Answer 23

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Question 24

Characteristic “Skip lesions” are part of this bowel disease. Typically occurs in the distal ileum and right colon. Chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain

Answer 24

Crohn’s disease (Regional Enteritis)

Question 25

This bowel disease is characterized by watery stools and mucosal ulcerations. Typically left side of colon and associated w/malabsorption.

Answer 25

Ulcerative colitis

Question 26

Congenital absence of Meissner’s and Auerbach’s autonomic plexus’ (autonomic system does not control colon at all)

Answer 26

Hirschsprung’s (Congenital Megacolon)

Question 27

A hereditary bowel disease. Chronic intestinal malabsorption causing mucosal damage. Person has gluten/wheat intolerance and steatorrhea (fatty, floating stools)

Answer 27

Celiac disease (Nontropical sprue, Gluten enteropathy)

Question 28

A possibly fatal bowel disease. 30-60 yo males. Anemia, weight loss, skin pigmentation, diarrhea, joint symptoms, severe malabsorption, abdominal pain, cough, pleuritic pain. It is a small bowel infection which causes lymph obstruction also.

Answer 28

Whipple’s disease

Question 29

____ syndrome is found in the ascending colon and can produce polyps.

Answer 29

Gardner’s

Question 30

The most common cancer causing death in both males and females?

Answer 30

Lung cancer

Question 31

Most common cause of pneumonia?

Answer 31

Bacterial - streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 32

The most common type of bacterial pneumonia?

Answer 32

Lobar pneumonia

Question 33

The most common “atypical” pneumonia (lack of exudate)

Answer 33

Mycoplasmal (type of Viral pneumonia)

Question 34

This type of pneumonia is common in debilitated patients and alcoholics (immunodeficient). Characterized by red currant jelly sputum

Answer 34

Klebsiella

Question 35

This type of pneumonia is common in patients w/AIDS

Answer 35

Pneumocystis carinii

Question 36

___ pneumonia is characterized by rusty sputum

Answer 36

Pneumococcal