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Musculoskeletal Kaplan > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Histologic appearance of seborrheic keratosis

A

Epithelial proliferation with keratin-filled cysts

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2
Q

Lichen planus is associated with which infection

A

Hepatitis C

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3
Q

Biopsy findings in lichen planus

A

Saw-tooth appearing T-cell infiltrate of the epidermal-dermal junction

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4
Q

Actinic keratosis predisposes patients to develop which type of cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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5
Q

Fracture of the hook of the hamate injures which nerve

A

Ulnar nerve

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6
Q

Deficiency of carbonic anhydrase 2 can lead to which bone pathology

A

Osteopetrosis

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7
Q

Characteristic x-ray finding in osteopetrosis

A

“Erlenmeyer flask” bones

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8
Q

Characteristic biopsy finding in Paget’s disease

A

Jigsaw pattern

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9
Q

Common location of giant cell tumor of the bone

A

Epiphyseal end of long bones (MC distal femur and proximal tibia)

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10
Q

Common location of osteochondromas

A

Metaphysis of long bones

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11
Q

Cartilaginous tumor found within the intermedullary space of long bones

A

Enchondroma

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12
Q

Translocation seen in Ewing’s sarcoma

A

11;22

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13
Q

Morphologic joint findings in osteoarthritis

A
  • Subchondral cysts
  • Sclerosis
  • Osteophytes
  • Eburnation
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14
Q

Pannus formation is an important characteristic of which pathology

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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15
Q

HLA associated with rheumatoid arthritis

A

HLA-DR4

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16
Q

Differentiating characteristics of pseudogout crystals

A

Crystals turn yellow under a perpendicular light and blue under a parallel light

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17
Q

Characteristis psoriatic arthritis x-ray findings in the hands

A

“Pencil-in-cup” deformity

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18
Q

Signs and symptoms of Sicca syndrome

A

Same as those of Sjögren syndrome but without arthritis

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19
Q

Pathology with Schaumann and asteroid bodies

A

Sarcoidosis

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20
Q

Mediator of muscle damage in polymyositis

A

CD8+ T-cell

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21
Q

Biopsy findings in polymyositis

A
  • Endomysial inflammation

* Necrotic and regenerating muscle

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22
Q

Biopsy findings in dermatomyositis

A
  • Perivascular (perimysial) inflammation

* Atrophy of muscle fibers

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23
Q

Dermatomyositis increases the risk to develop which types of cancers

A

Colon and ovarian

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24
Q

Mechanism of a torus fracture

A

Axial force applied to immature bone

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25
Complications of scaphoid fractures
* Avascular necrosis | * Nonunion (retrograde blood supply)
26
Dislocation of which carpal bone can lead to acute carpal tunnel syndrome
Lunate
27
Characteristic morphologic appearance in Paget disease of the bone
Abnormal "mosaic" bone architecture
28
Morphologic appearance of tumors in osteitis fibrosa cystica
"Brown tumors"
29
Most common benign bone tumor
Osteochondroma
30
Radiologic appearance of osteochondroma
Bony exostosis with cartilaginous cap
31
Radiologic appearance of giant cell tumors
"Soap bubble" appearance on x-ray
32
Biopsy finding in giant cell tumors
Multinucleated giant cells that express RANKL
33
Common location of osteosarcomas
Metaphysis of long bones, often around the knee
34
Biopsy finding in Ewing's sarcoma
Anaplastic small blue cells
35
Biopsy findings in rheumatoid nodules
Fibrinoid necrosis with palisading histiocytes
36
Radiologic finding in pseudogout
Chondrocalcinosis
37
Where on the valves are vegetations located in SLE
On the undersurface of the valves
38
Most common type of glomerulonephritis in lupus
Diffuse proliferative
39
HLA associated with lupus
HLA-DR3
40
Antibodies that confer a poor prognosis in patients with lupus
Anti-dsDNA antibodies
41
Complement system findings in lupus
Decreased C3, C4, CH50
42
Loss of which cell junction protein promotes metastasis
E-cadherin
43
Type of melanocytic nevi that are papular
Intradermal
44
Type of melanocytic nevi that are macular
Junctional
45
Difference between bacillary angiomatosis and Kaposi sarcoma
Bacillary angiomatosis has a neutrophilic infiltrate
46
Part of the skin that is affected by exotoxins in scalded skin syndrome
Stratum grnaulosum
47
Autoantibody found in pemphigus vulgaris
IgG against desmoglein
48
Characteristics of bullae in pemphigus vulgaris
* Flaccid intraepidermal ("row of thombstones") * Acantholytic cells in fluid * Can affect oral mucosa
49
Characteristics of bullae in bullous pemphigoid
* Tense blisters * Contain eosinophils * Do not involve oral mucosa
50
Specific stain for melanoma
HMB-45
51
Most common type of melanoma
Superficial spreading
52
Type of melanoma that can be found on palms, soles, and beneath the nails
Acral lentiginous (poor prognosis)
53
Antibody positivity in pregnant women with Sjögren syndrome that increases risk for delivering babies with neonatal lupus and congenital heart block
anti-SSA/Ro
54
Most common cause of isolated elevated alkaline phosphatase in patients older than 40 years old
Paget disease
55
Bone disease that can lead to high-output cardiac failure due to AV shunts in bone
Paget disease
56
Most common location of an osteoma
Surface of facial bones
57
Difference between an osteoblastoma and an osteoid osteoma
Osteoblastoma is larger (greater than 2 cm), arises in vertebrae, and does not respond to aspirin
58
Common locations of chondrosarcoma
Medulla of the pelvis or central skeleton
59
HLA associated with psoriasis
HLA-C
60
Biopsy finding in sebirrheic keratosis
Keratin pseudocysts
61
Biopsy finding in Spitz nevus (juvenile melanoma)
Presence of spindle cells
62
Biopsy finding in acute contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis
Accumulation of fluid within the epidermis
63
Biopsy finding in dermatitis herpetiformis
Microscopic blister at dermal papillae
64
Part of the spine that can be affected in rheumatoid arthritis
Cervical spine

Musculoskeletal Kaplan (3 decks)

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